Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education,School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University

在我国生态文明建设方针指导下,工业用水效率和重复利用率显著提升,但目前的废水排放总量仍不容忽视。 工业废水零排放是实现污水资源化利用的重要途径,但处理过程中会形成废盐和高浓度废盐水。 现阶段我国对于废盐的处置率低,并且几乎未进行资源化利用,已成为了制约工业废水零排放的重要瓶颈之一。 以工业废盐作为原料回用于氯碱工业提供了一种新的废盐消纳渠道,但进料中含有的杂质组分多,利用废盐的离子膜氯碱工业将面临以膜污染为代表的新挑战。 系统性介绍了离子膜氯碱工业中废盐资源化原理与工艺流程,讨论了阴阳离子与溶解性有机质致离子膜污染的过程机制与表征手段,并从进料控制、膜清洗、运行工况优化等方面提出了合理的应对策略,最终对未来关于进料水质参数优选与高性能阳离子交换膜研发提出展望,以期促进工业废水零排放过程中废盐资源化技术研发与应用。

Under the guidance of China′ s ecological civilization policy, while the utilization ofindustrial water has been improved, the total wastewater discharge still cannot be neglected. Therefore,zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of industrial wastewater has been highlighted as an essential path to realizethe utilization of waste. However, waste salt and high-concentration brine are generated during the zeroliquid discharge process. The disposal of waste salt is challenging in China, and there is little progressin its utilization, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the ZLD process. Compared withthe conventional process employing pure salt, the ionic membrane-based Chlor-alkali system using in⁃dustrial waste salt would be influenced by the presence of impurity components in the feed, which maylead to new challenges such as membrane fouling. To address the limitations, this review paper will in⁃troduce the principle and process of recycling waste salt in the ionic membrane-based Chlor-alkali in⁃dustry, discuss the process mechanism and characterization methods of membrane fouling caused by an⁃ions/ cations and dissolved organic matter, put forward reasonable countermeasures such as feedcontrol, membrane cleaning and process optimization, and explore future research prospects on adjust⁃ment of the feed water quality and the development of high-performance cation exchange membranes.This review aims to promote the development and application of waste salt recycling technology in theprocess of zero liquid discharge of industrial wastewater.

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3901300);国家自然科学基金项目(52100030);广东省自然科学基金-杰出青年项目(2022B1515020053)

0 前 言
1 离子膜氯碱工业中废盐资源化工艺
1.1 离子膜氯碱工艺的基本原理
1.2 离子膜氯碱工艺的运行概况
1.3 工业废盐应用于离子膜氯碱工艺
2 离子膜氯碱所面临的主要挑战——膜污染问题
2.1 常见离子膜污染机理
2.1.1 阳离子的作用机制
2.1.2 阴离子与硅胶体的影响
2.1.3 溶解性有机质的影响
2.2 常用的离子膜污染表征技术与方法
3 解决杂盐氯碱工艺中膜污染的策略
3.1 强化进料管理与预处理
3.2 制定合适的膜清洗策略
3.3 优化运行工况
4 总结与展望

梁子誉, 谢勇冰, 吉庆华, 等. 离子膜氯碱工业中废盐资源化的应用与挑战[J]. 能源环境保护, 2023, 37(2): 125-133.

LIANG Ziyu, XIE Yongbing, JI Qinghua, et al. Application and challenges of recycling waste salt in the ionicmembrane-based Chlor-alkali industry[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2023, 37(2): 125-133.