School of Resources and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology
Inner Mongolia Shanghai Temple MiningCo., Ltd.
Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp

针对近年来煤矿防治水工作中出现的一些热点(有掘必探)、难点(特殊条件下疏干开采)以及在用规程(规范)中存在的矛盾等问题,分析其给生产实践和安全监管带来的困惑,提出几点看法与建议。首先分析了“有疑必探”的内涵,认为“预测预报”是“有疑必探”的前置条件,“预测预报”要解决水害类型、水压以及水体所处空间位置等关键要素,据此才能进行探放水工程设计;从历史背景和现实条件出发,分析认为山西省﹝2011﹞70 号文件的“有掘必探”是在特定条件下提出执行的,针对性很强(古井老窑水),水害类型明确,水压、水源空间位置大致可预测,具备了探水工程设计的条件,执行“有掘必探”有其合理性;但适用范围不宜无限扩大,其他地区不宜简单效仿,否则就是无的放矢,存在设计难、执行难、监管难等问题。然后分析了水对软岩工程劣化效应的影响,弱胶结低强度强膨胀高富水复杂型软岩遇水发生崩解、泥化、膨胀、底鼓变形等劣化现象,严重制约生产效率;软岩条件下弱含水层预先疏干的目的在于改善生产环境,从而提高生产效率,建议规程对此类疏放水孔做出原则性约束即可,便于企业更好地结合实际情况制定施工技术措施,否则,在政府监管部门和企业之间会出现认识上的差异。最后,根据规程(规范)中的定义,导水裂隙带不包括垮落带(位于垮落带上方);根据规程(规范)中的经验公式以及附图,导水裂隙带包括垮落带,出现前后不统一的问题,为此提出可任选其一的 2 种修改建议。通过分析,厘清了一些模糊性概念,便于生产单位准确执行规程规范,有利于安全监管部门精准监管,避免监管部门和企业陷入“两难境地”。

According to some hot spots such as exploration before excavation,difficulties like drainage mining under special conditionsand contradictory while operating procedures in recent coal mining water prevention projects, confusions brought to production practiceand safety supervision are analyzed, some opinions are also put forward. Firstly, the connation of “doubt will be prospected” is discussedin this paper. It is assured that “doubt will be explored” comes after “prediction and forecast”. The “prediction and forecast” are key factorsto problems like types of water hazards, water pressure and positions of water, based on what water exploration and release can be designed. From the historical background and realistic conditions, the analysis shows that the exploration before excavation proposed in[2011] No.70 document formulated by Shanxi Province is implemented under specific conditions, with strong pertinence (ancient wellsand cellar water). The type of water damage is clear, the space position of water pressure source is roughly known, and the design conditions of drilling hole are available. Therefore, design conditions of water exploration drillings are acquired and “exploration before excavation” is reasonable. However, the scope of “exploration before excavation” cannot be extended infinitely to other fields, otherwise it willbe aimless, causing bumps in design, execution and supervision. Secondly, degradation of water on soft rocks is analyzed. Degradationslike crumble, rock mud, expansion and floor heave can happen on complicated soft rocks which possess weak cementation, low altitude,high expansion and strong watery, limiting production efficiency. The purpose of pre-dredging weak aquifer under soft rock condition is toimprove the production conditions and to increase production efficiency. It is suggested that the regulations should make principles constraints on such drainage holes, so as to facilitate enterprises to formulate construction technical measures in combination with the actualsituations. Otherwise, there will be a difference in understanding between government regulators and enterprises. Finally, according to thedefinition in the procedure, the water-conducting fracture zone does not include the caving zone (above the caving zone); nevertheless, theempirical formula in the procedure and the attached drawings show that the water-conducting fracture zone includes the caving zone,which has inconsistency between the front and the back. For this case, two alternative revision suggestions are advanced. Through the analysis of this paper, some fuzzy concepts are clarified, which is convenient for the production unit to accurately implement the rules and regulations, conducive to the precise supervision of safety supervision department. Besides, dilemma between the supervision department andthe enterprise can be avoided.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574250);内蒙古自治区科技计划资助项目(2020GG0291)

吕玉广, 乔伟, 靳德武, 等. 煤矿防治水工作实践中几点思考与建议[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2023, 51(4): 133-139.

LYU Yuguang, QIAO Wei, JIN Dewu. Some thoughts and suggestions on the practice of water prevention and control in coal mines[J].Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(4): 133-139.