针对煤液化油渣如何高效萃取的问题,选择脂肪烃、芳烃、含氧化合物和模拟焦化苯等不同性质的萃取剂对煤液化油渣进行萃取,考察了萃取剂的溶解度参数和极性参数对煤液化油渣萃取物收率和萃取物组成的影响。结果表明:随着萃取剂溶解度和极性参数的增加,萃取物收率呈先增大后减小的趋势,萃取剂溶解度参数对煤液化油渣萃取效果的影响主要体现在其与可萃取组分溶解度参数的匹配上,萃取剂极性参数对萃取效果的影响主要体现在其对煤液化油渣缔合结构的破坏作用。当萃取剂和萃取物的溶解度参数相近时,具有较好的萃取效果,并且它们的萃取物以多环芳烃为主。而极性参数较大的萃取剂更易破坏煤液化油渣的缔合结构,进而导致丙酮、乙醇和甲醇萃取物的N 和S元素含量较高。模拟焦化苯是一种萃取煤液化油渣的良好溶剂,对煤液化油渣的萃取物收率可达50%以上。

To solve the problem of efficient extraction of coal liquefied oil residue, the extractantswith different properties, such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen-containingcompounds, and simulated coking benzene, were selected for the extraction of coal liquefiedoil residue. And the effects of solubility and polarity parameters of extractants on extractionrate and extract components were investigated. The results show that with the increase in solubilityand polarity parameters of extractants, the extraction rate for coal liquefied oil residue in creased and then decreased. The influence of the solubility parameter of extractants on the extractionperformance was mainly reflected in their matching degree with the solubility parameterof the extractable components. The effect of the polarity parameter of the extractants was mainlythe breaking of the associated structure of coal liquefied oil residue. When the solubility parametersof the extracts and extractants were close, the extraction performance was good, such as aromatichydrocarbon and tetrahydrofuran. The main components of these extracts were polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons. The extractants with larger polar parameters were more likely to destroythe associated structure of coal liquefied oil residue, resulting in higher contents of N and S elementsin acetone, ethanol, and methanol extracts. Simulated coking benzene was a good solventfor extracting coal liquefied oil residue, which was easy to be recovered from solution, and theextraction rate of coal liquefied oil residue could reach more than 50%.