为防治煤自燃，采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、柠檬酸锆(ZrCit)、葡萄糖酸−δ−内酯(GDL)和复配发泡剂按一定比例配制出一种新型煤自燃凝胶泡沫防灭火材料。对制备出的凝胶泡沫分别进行了热稳定性、渗透性、黏结性的基础性能测试，通过热重试验研究了经凝胶泡沫处理后的煤样对比原煤样在升温过程中质量及热量的影响，通过程序升温试验中煤自燃指标性气体CO浓度的变化，对凝胶泡沫的阻化性能进行考察，综合试验结果分析了凝胶泡沫的阻燃机理。试验结果表明：以高价态Zr⁴⁺为金属交联剂的凝胶泡沫结构稳定，可明显增强凝胶泡沫的热稳定性和保水性，使热重分析中煤升温氧化热失重量明显降低，最大放热功率降低了19.9%，同时使程序升温试验中煤氧复合的耗氧速率、CO的产生率降低，说明该新型凝胶泡沫能够从物理和化学反应途径有效抑制煤自燃。

In order to prevent coal spontaneous combustion, a new kind of gel foam was prepared with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zirconium citrate (ZrCit), gluconate-δ-lactone (GDL) and compound foaming agent in a certain proportion. The basic performance tests of thermal stability, permeability and adhesion of the prepared gel foam were carried out respectively. TG experiment was used to study the influence of the coal sample treated with gel foam on the mass and heat of the coal sample compared with the raw coal sample during the heating process. Through the change of the concentration of the indicator gas CO of coal spontaneous combustion in the programmed temperature experiment, The retarding property of gel foam was investigated and the flame retardant mechanism of gel foam was analyzed based on the experimental results. The experimental study shows that the gel foam with high price Zr⁴⁺ as metal crosslinking agent has stable structure, can significantly enhance the thermal stability and water retention of the gel foam, make the coal oxidation heat loss significantly reduced in TG analysis, the maximum heat release power decreased by 19.9%, make the coal oxygen composite oxygen consumption rate and CO production rate decreased in the temperature program experiment, indicating that the gel foam can Coal spontaneous combustion can be effectively inhibited by physical and chemical reactions.