School of Public Administration, Hohai University
Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology

东部平原采煤沉陷区水体污染严重，极大地限制了湿地自净和碳汇功能的形成。为此，从东部平原采煤沉陷区积水污染成因着手，阐明降污固碳协同修复的现实需求，剖析新成湿地降污固碳的关键过程及碳汇形成机制，估算协同修复的潜力，提出协同修复的适应性管理方法和关键技术体系。结果表明：① 复杂来水、多样化污染源和生态系统转换失稳是引发东部平原矿区采煤沉陷新成湿地水污染的主因，氮、磷、有机物降解和重金属移除过程中可以实现降污固碳协同修复，光合固碳、碳分配、碳沉积和碳损失等关键过程影响新成湿地的碳汇形成；② 采煤沉陷新成湿地的碳库稳定性与植物根系分泌物、植物死亡残体、湿地水文过程、活性有机碳组分以及微生物群落结构显著相关；③ 东部平原采煤沉陷新成湿地现有碳汇潜力为4.43×106 t/a，至2060年可达3.27×107 t/a。新成湿地人工修复后可以分别提升氮、磷污染修复能力32.7倍和42.5倍；④ 构建资源与保护统筹立标、治污与固碳协同和效果与方案动态调整的适应性管理策略是落实东部平原采煤沉陷区固碳降污协同修复的重要保障；⑤ 未来应逐步形成环境材料强化微生物恢复技术、优势植被/功能菌筛选技术和固碳微生物定向增殖关键技术体系，为东部平原采煤沉陷区生态修复、耕地保护和高质量发展提供科学支撑。

The serious water pollution of coal mining subsidence areas in the eastern plains, greatly restricted the wetland self-purification and the formation of carbon sink functions. Therefore, this study starts from the causes of hydrops pollution in the coal mining subsidence areas in eastern plain, to elaborate the practical demands for collaborative remediation of pollution reduction and carbon sequestration. Meanwhile, the study provides a fascinating insight into the key processes and carbon sink formation mechanism of new formed wetland for pollution reduction and carbon sequestration, and estimate the potential of collaborative remediation, as well as put forward the adaptive managerial approach and crucial technical system for collaborative remediation. The results show that: ① Complex water supply, diverse pollution sources, and unstable ecosystem transformation are the primary causes of pollution in newborn wetlands in the eastern plain mining areas. The collaborative remediation of pollution reduction and carbon fixation can be achieved during the procedure of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter degradation, as well as heavy metal detachment. The essential processes such as photosynthetic carbon fixation, carbon distribution, carbon deposition, and carbon loss, affect the carbon sink in the newly formed wetlands. ② The carbon pool stability of newly formed wetland shows significant relationships with plant root exudates, plant dead residues, wetland hydrological processes, active organic carbon components, and microbial community structure. ③ The existing carbon sink potential of the newly formed wetland in the eastern mining subsidence areas is about 4.43×106 t/a, which could reach 3.27×107 t/a up to 2060. After artificial restoration, the remediation capacity nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of newly formed wetlands can be elevated by 32.7 and 42.5 times, respectively. ④ Establishing the standing navigation mark of resources and protection, and the adaptive management strategies for synergistic and dynamic adjustment of pollution control and carbon fixation effects and schemes, is an important guarantee for implementing coordinated remediation of carbon sequestration and pollution reduction in the eastern coal mining subsidence plain. ⑤ In the future, it is necessary to gradually form a key technology system for enhancing microbial restoration of environmental materials, screening of advantageous vegetation and/or functional bacteria, and targeted proliferation of carbon fixing microorganisms, providing scientific support for ecological restoration, farmland protection, and high-quality development in coal mining subsidence areas of the eastern plain, China.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974313，41907405)；江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20180641)

陈浮，朱燕峰，马静，等. 东部平原采煤沉陷区降污固碳协同修复机制与关键技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(7)：2836−2849.

CHEN Fu，ZHU Yanfeng，MA Jing，et al. Cooperative remediation mechanism and key technologies for pollution reduction and carbon sequestration in coal mining subsidence areas of the eastern plain[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(7)：2836−2849.