传统的油类捕收剂在回收微细粒煤、低阶煤和氧化煤等难浮煤泥方面效果不佳,研发新型高效的浮选药剂和浮选工艺是当前必须突破的难题。纳米技术作为一种前沿技术,在矿物加工领域展现出广阔的应用前景,并受广泛关注和探索。探讨了将纳米粒子作为矿物浮选捕收剂的研究进展,重点介绍了新型的疏水性纳米粒子的设计、合成及其在浮选中的应用现状。其中,包括阴离子和阳离子聚苯乙烯纳米粒子以及具有更好选择性吸附效果的功能化纳米粒子。这些纳米粒子具有优良的浮选性能,可以有效回收难浮煤泥和微细粒矿物资源。讨论了纳米粒子与矿物界面的微观相互作用机理。纳米粒子的尺寸和表面性质对其与矿物之间的相互作用具有重要影响。阴离子和阳离子聚苯乙烯纳米粒子具有疏水性,可与煤泥中疏水矿物发生作用,增强其浮选性能。而功能化纳米粒子通过表面改性,使其与特定矿物具有更好的选择性吸附效果。了解微观相互作用机理有助于优化纳米粒子的设计和合成,提高其在矿物浮选中的应用效果。最后,针对新型纳米粒子捕收剂的研究方向提出建议,推动纳米技术的快速发展和矿物浮选领域不断进步,为矿业行业带来新的活力与机遇。

Traditional oil-based collectors have poor performance in recovering difficult -to-float coal slurry such as fine coal, low rank coal, and oxidized coal. The development of new and efficient flotation reagents and processes is currently a challenging task. Nano⁃technology, as a cutting-edge technology, has shown broad application prospects in the field of mineral processing and has received exten⁃sive attention and exploration. The progress of research on the use of nanoparticles as mineral flotation collectors is discussed. It highlightsthe design, synthesis, and application status of novel hydrophobic nanoparticles in flotation. These include anionic and cationic polystyrenenanoparticles, as well as functionalized nanoparticles with better selective adsorption effects. These nanoparticles exhibit excellent flotationperformance and can effectively recover difficult-to-float coal and fine mineral resources. In addition, the microscopic interaction mecha⁃nism of nanoparticle-mineral interfaces is discussed. The size and surface properties of nanoparticles play an important role in their inter⁃action with minerals. Anionic and cationic polystyrene nanoparticles are hydrophobic and can interact with hydrophobic minerals in coalslurry, enhancing their flotation performance. On the other hand, functionalized nanoparticles can achieve better selective adsorptioneffects on specific minerals through surface modification. Understanding these micro-interaction mechanisms helps optimize the design andsynthesis of nanoparticles and improve their application effectiveness in mineral flotation. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for theresearch direction of novel nanoparticle collectors. The rapid development of nanotechnology will drive continuous progress and change inthe field of mineral flotation, bringing new vitality and opportunities to the mining industry. nanotechnology will play a more important rolein mineral flotation.

0 引言

1 纳米粒子捕收剂的研究现状 

   1.1 聚苯乙烯纳米粒子

   1.2 功能化聚苯乙烯纳米粒子

   1.3 聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的吸附机理研究

2 结语