定向区域注浆改造含水层是矿井水害防治的有效途径之一。为研究定向区域注浆浆液扩散规律，自主研制了定向区域注浆三维模拟试验系统。该系统主要由试验台、注浆系统、注水系统及数据监测等子系统组成，可实现定向钻孔注浆模拟、浆液三维扩散模拟、高承压水模拟和区域化注浆模拟等功能。系统可独立控制注浆孔单元，实现多孔、多序次注浆，借助6个注浆孔模拟不同注浆压力、浆液黏度、注浆速率、水灰比等多种参数影响下的浆液流动过程，并可实现动/静（高）水压环境下浆液扩散过程的实时监测。以200、250、300 mm模拟裸孔长度为研究对象，初步探究了定向注浆作用下裸孔注浆浆液扩散的特征及其效果。研究发现：在仅有裸孔长度为变量的情况下，浆液扩散范围不会随裸孔长度的线性增加而同步线性增加；短裸孔的浆液结石体呈现以钻探裸孔为轴心的圆柱状，长裸孔的浆液结石体呈现以钻探裸孔为轴心的圆台状；裸孔增加相同的长度，裸孔越长，浆液在裸孔两端的扩散范围差值越大，同时压力损失越多，浆液扩散的距离越小。将试验所得浆液扩散半径与Maag公式计算所得浆液扩散半径进行对比，发现注浆裸孔长度为200 mm时，两数值仅相差2.8%，试验结果符合Maag球形扩散理论规律，验证了本试验系统的科学性与合理性。

Directional regional grouting to transform aquifers is one of the effective ways to prevent and control mine water hazards. In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in directional areas, a three-dimensional simulation test system for directional area grouting has been independently developed. The system is mainly composed of test bench, grouting system, water injection system, data monitoring and other subsystems, which can realize directional drilling grouting simulation, three-dimensional slurry diffusion simulation, high pressure water simulation and regional grouting simulation. The system can independently control the grouting hole unit to achieve porous and multi sequence grouting. With the help of six grouting holes, the slurry flow process is simulated under various parameters such as different grouting pressure, slurry viscosity, grouting rate, and water cement ratio. It can also achieve real-time monitoring of the slurry diffusion process in dynamic/static (high) water pressure environments. The paper takes the simulated naked hole lengths of 200 mm, 250 mm, and 300 mm as the research objects, and preliminarily explores the characteristics and effects of slurry diffusion in naked hole grouting under directional grouting. The study found that: in the case where only the naked hole length is a variable, the slurry diffusion range does not synchronously increase linearly with the linear increase of naked hole length; The slurry stone body of the short open hole is cylindrical with the drilling open hole as the axis, while the slurry stone body of the long open hole is circular with the drilling open hole as the axis; Increasing the same length of the bare hole results in a larger difference in the diffusion range of the slurry at both ends of the bare hole. At the same time, the more pressure loss there is, the smaller the diffusion distance of the slurry. Comparing the diffusion radius of the slurry obtained from the experiment with that calculated by the Maag formula, the difference between the two values is only 2.8% when the length of the grouting open hole is 200 mm. The experimental results comply with the Maag spherical diffusion theory and verified the scientificity and rationality of this experimental system.