关闭/退出矿井是落实国务院《关于煤炭行业化解过剩产能实现脱困发展的意见》重要措施之一，对于区域能源结构优化、减少碳排放和环境保护具有重要意义。为评估煤炭去产能过程中产生的水资源协同效益，揭示关闭/退出矿井的时空演变特征，以煤炭去产能为政策背景，通过调查2016—2022年间关闭/退出的矿井数量和产能，在分析关闭/退出矿井时空分布特征基础上，结合煤炭开采、洗选阶段与水资源相关的矿井水量、耗水量和废水量系数，定量化分析煤炭去产能带来的水资源协同效应。研究结果表明：2016—2022年中国涉煤省份关闭/退出矿井共4027个，退出产能8.75亿t，关闭/退出矿井数量集中在长江上游区域，煤炭去产能密度高的区域集中在黄河“几”字弯。同时，煤炭去产能减少浪费水资源总量约30亿t，高于中国第四大淡水湖洪湖的容积，产生的社会经济效益约为461.65亿元。水资源协同效益较好的区域主要分布在西南地区、华北地区和黄河流域等水资源短缺的地区。本研究定量化分析煤炭去产能的水资源协同效益，并探讨了废弃矿井水资源的利用方向，可为我国可持续发展目标实现和“双碳”目标下煤炭退出提供科学依据和数据支撑。

The closure/withdrawal of mines, as one of the important measures to implement the State Council’s “Opinions on supporting the coal industries to resolve excess production capacity and achieve destructive development”, and is of great significance to the optimization of the regional energy structure, reduction of carbon emissions and environmental protection. In order to assess the synergistic benefits of water resources generated in the process of coal de-capacity and reveal the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of closure/withdrawal mines, the number and capacity of closure/withdrawal mines during 2016—2022 were investigated with coal de-capacity as the policy background. Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the closure/withdrawal mines, the water resources synergy benefits brought about by coal de-capacity was quantified by combining the water resources-related mine water, water consumption and wastewater discharges coefficients in the coal mining and washing stages. The results show that a total of 4027 mines were closure/withdrawal from coal-related provinces in China during 2016—2022, with a de-capacity of 875 million t. The number of mines closure/withdrawal is concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the areas with high density of coal de-capacity are concentrated in the "Ji" bays of the Yellow River. Meanwhile, the total of wasted water resources reduced by coal de-capacity is about 3 billion t, higher than the volume of China’s fourth largest freshwater Honghu lake, generating socio-economic benefits of about 46.165 billion yuan. The areas with positive benefits of water synergy are mainly located in the water shortage areas such as Southwest China, North China and the Yellow River basin. This research quantifies the synergistic benefits of water resources for coal de-capacity and discusses the future direction of mine water resources utilization, with a view to providing scientific basis and data support for sustainable development and “double carbon” target for coal de-capacity.