为了研究露天煤矿外排土场对周围微气象因子的影响关系，进而为矿区生态修复提供基础，以矿区周围气流运动及水分分布为影响因子，进一步探索外排土场尺度及形态的生态效应。以红沙泉露天煤矿为例，运用Fluent流体模拟软件，采用大涡模拟和组分传输模型，分别建立不同高度与角度的外排土场模型进行模拟。通过红沙泉露天煤矿所处地区气象站点，得到该地区2020年逐月温度与露点数据，从而得出该地区逐月凝结高度。分析不同条件下得到的气流速度云图，水分质量分数云图，获得不同外排土场尺寸对周围气流运动及水分分布的影响规律，并与该地区凝结高度进行对比。数值模拟结果表明：随着外排土场高度增加，气流爬坡速度缓慢增加，爬升最大高度也随之增长，迎风坡以及外排土场顶部的水分质量分数均增大，背风坡形成越来越明显的卡门涡街现象，涡流数量增加且影响范围变大，涡流区域内气流速度、水分质量分数均增加并达到最大值，外排土场角度增大对气流最大爬升高度影响较大，对周围微气象因子影响不大。在极限高度360 m条件下，当外排土场角度达到26°临界值时，会使气流最大爬升高度达到该地区夏季凝结高度；或在外排土场极限角度22°条件下，当外排土场高度达到380 m临界值时，会使气流最大爬升高度达到该地区夏季凝结高度，从而对矿区周围降水产生促进作用。

To study the relationship of external dump of opencast coal mine impacting on surrounding micrometeorological factors, and then provide the foundation acknowledge for the ecological restoration in mining area, the airflow movement and water distribution around the mine area were regarded as the influencing factors to furtherly explore the ecological effects of the scale and form of the external dump. Taking Hongshaquan open-pit coal mine as an example, using Fluent fluid simulation software, adopting large eddy simulation and component transfer model, the external dump models with different heights and angles were established for simulation. The monthly temperature and dew point data of the area in 2020 were obtained through the regional meteorological station where Hongshaquan open-pit coal mine located, thereby reaching the monthly condensation height of the area. By analyzing the cloud diagrams of air velocity and moisture mass fraction under different conditions, the influence law of different sizes of external dump on the surrounding air flow movement and water distribution was obtained, and compared with the condensation height in the area. The numerical simulation results showed that: with the increasing dump height, the air climbing speed increased slowly, while the maximum climbing height increased, as well as the moisture mass fraction on the windward slope and the dump top ascended. More and more obvious Karman vortex street phenomenon was formed along the leeward slope. The number of vortices increased and the influence range became larger. Both of the airflow velocity and moisture mass fraction in the vortex area increased and reached their maximum values. The increase in the angle of the external dump presented a significant impact on the maximum climb height of the airflow, but showed little impact on the surrounding micrometeorological factors. Under the condition of 360 m limit height, when the external dump Angle  reached the critical value of 26°, the maximum airflow climbing height would reach the summer condensation height in this area. Alternatively, under the condition of 22° limit Angle of the outer dump, when the height of the outer dump reached the critical value of 380 m, the maximum climbing height of airflow would reach the summer condensation height of the region, thereby promoting the precipitation around the mining area