National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing

National Mine Safety Administration Key Laboratory of Mine Water Hazard Controlling
China Coal Energy Group Co., Ltd.
Shaanxi Shanmei Caojiatan Mining Co., Ltd.

中西部煤炭资源富集程度最高，开发条件优越，随着开采效率的逐步提升，高强度大采高的开采模式对地下水系统的扰动程度也随之增加，特别是导水裂隙带发育范围之外含水层的地下水在煤层开采中逐渐参与到矿井涌水过程，此类模式导致了矿井涌水预测偏差大、水害危险性评价不准确和水害治理措施不明确等一系列问题，为当前的矿井水害防治带来了极大隐患。初步总结了一种衍生式动力突水模式，即随着煤层开采，顶板覆岩破坏导致地下水系统的演化会诱发新的灾害源，从而导致不同形式的突水模式。其内涵是将定义衍生式动力突水模式的基础从传统的开采前静态分析转变为考虑采矿全周期内变化的动态评价。矿井衍生式动力突水模式可初步分为三大类，分别是“天窗补给型”、“离层灾害型”和“导水通道增渗型”。此次主要针对“天窗补给型”衍生式动力突水模式进行初步探讨，以近些年高强度大采高的浅埋煤层矿区——陕西榆神矿区为例，深入探讨了“天窗补给型”衍生灾害的孕灾条件。通过补充分析间接充水含水层富水性和水力联系强度实现对顶板含水层涌(突)水危险性的综合评价，提出了灾害衍生模式的评价方法体系。通过开采方式的转变，构建了“三查、一定、两验证、两跟踪”的主动防治体系；通过采前多目标疏降和采后局部注浆治理构建了被动防治体系。通过进一步细化矿井涌(突)水致灾模式，优化了评价体系，建立了综合防治技术，为生态脆弱区的地下水资源保护与矿井安全低碳开采提供依据。

The central and western coal resources have the highest degree of enrichment and superior development conditions in China. With the improvement of mining efficiency, the disturbance of high-intensity and large-mining-height mining mode to groundwater system also increases. In particular, the groundwater in the aquifer outside the disturbance range of the water-conducting fracture zone gradually participates in the mine water inflow process during the coal mining. Such mode leads to a series of problems such as large deviation of mine water inflow prediction, inaccurate evaluation of water inflow risk and unclear water hazard prevention measures, which brings great hidden risks to the current mine water hazard prevention and control. In this paper, a derivative mode of dynamic water inrush is summarized. With the coal mining, the evolution of groundwater system caused by overburden failure will induce new disaster sources, resulting in different forms of water inrush. Its connotation is to change the basis of defining the derivative dynamic water inrush model from the traditional static analysis before mining to the dynamic evaluation considering the change in the whole mining cycle. The derived dynamic water inrush model of the mine can be preliminarily divided into three categories, namely, “skylight leakage type”, “bed separation disaster type” and “channel permeability increase type”. This paper mainly discusses the derivative dynamic water inrush mode of “skylight leakage type”. Taking the Shanxi Yushen mining area, a shallow buried coal seam mining area with high strength and large mining height, as an example, the disaster-pregnant conditions of “skylight supply type” derivative disasters are discussed in depth. Through supplementary analysis of water-richness and hydraulic connection strength of indirect water-filled aquifer, the comprehensive evaluation of water inrush risk in roof aquifer is achieved, and the evaluation method system of disaster derivative model is put forward. Through the transformation of mining mode, the active prevention and control system is constructed. A passive prevention and control system is constructed by multi-objective advance drainage before mining and local grouting after mining. By further refining the mine water inrush disaster model, optimizing the evaluation system and establishing comprehensive prevention and control technology, it provides a scientific basis for the protection of groundwater resources and safe low-carbon mining in ecologically fragile areas.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072284，42372297)；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2023ZKPYSH01)

曾一凡，孟世豪，武强，等. 天窗补给型衍生式矿井动力突水模式及其评价与治理技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(10)：3776−3788.

ZENG Yifan，MENG Shihao，WU Qiang，et al. Derivative mine dynamic water inrush mode of skylight leakage and its evaluation and control technology system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(10)：3776−3788.