School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology
Fundamental Research Laboratory for Mine Water Hazards Prevention and Controlling Technology

煤矿开采过程必然引起区域地下水动力场的改变，并在一定程度上影响着矿井水的水质形成与演化，甚至诱发煤矿区地下水环境的污染问题。研究并揭示煤矿矿井水水质形成与演化的水动力场驱动机制及其关键参数的定量计算方法，是定量刻画煤矿区地下水污染问题及开展相应控制与修复工作的前提。本研究以鄂尔多斯矿区某煤矿的采空区为地质背景，阐明了其积水形成的水动力场演化过程与机制，根据水动力场流动路径的差异将其分为采空区水位回升阶段和蓄满水量交换阶段；在此基础上，揭示了采空区水质形成及演化的以水动力场为主要驱动力，水化学场、微生物场等多场协同作用的复杂过程；建立了基于顶板导水裂隙带不同垂高空隙反演的分层渗透系数定量计算模型，为开采扰动后采空区积水水位回升及蓄满后水量交换的计算奠定了理论基础；利用相似材料模拟试验和室内三维箱式模拟试验的实测数据与模型计算结果进行对比，理论计算渗透系数K和采空区水位回升高度随时间的变化与试验实测误差分别约为13.2%和22.5%，验证了理论计算模型的可靠性；最后，在煤矿采空区水动力场以及水动力场影响下的水化学场、微生物场的控制方程的基础上，明晰了水动力场–水化学场–微生物场之间的耦合关系，构建了水动力场主导下的多场耦合作用本构模型，为进一步探究水动力场耦合驱动下的煤矿矿井水水质形成及演化规律的多场耦合数值模型构建提供启示。该研究补充和扩展了煤矿矿井水污染防治理论。

The change of regional hydrodynamic field caused by coal mining process affects the multi-field process of the formation and evolution of mine water quality, which may lead to the pollution of the water environment in the coal mining area. Research on the driving mechanism of the hydrodynamic field and the method of quantitative calculation of key parameters is the premise of quantitative description on the multi-field effects of site pollution in the coal mining areas and its corresponding pollution control. Taking the Menkeqing Coal Mine as the geological background, this paper clarifies the evolution mechanism of the hydrodynamic field of goaf water. According to the difference in the flow path of the hydrodynamic field, it is divided into the stages of water level recovery and filling-up. It reveals the complex process of the formation and evolution of water quality in the goaf, with the hydrodynamic field as the main driving force, and the synergistic effects of multiple fields such as the hydrochemical field and the microbial field. Then the concept model of the water level recovery stage and filling-up stage and the theoretical calculation model of the analytical solution of the key parameters (permeability coefficient, water level, and water volume) of the hydrodynamic field are proposed. The measured data of the similar material simulation test and the three-dimensional box simulation test are compared with the model calculation results. The theoretical calculation of the permeability coefficient and the curve of goaf water level with time and the experimental measurement error are about 13.2% and 22.5%, respectively. The reliability of the theoretical calculation model is verified. Finally, on the basis of the equations of the hydrodynamic field, and the hydrochemical field and the microbial field under the influence of the hydrodynamic field in the goaf, a multi-field coupling effect model dominated by the hydrodynamic field is constructed. The constitutive model provides an inspiration for exploring the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality driven by the coupling of hydrodynamic field. This study supplements and expands the theory of coal mine water pollution prevention and control.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1805400)；国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(42172272)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2020ZDPY0201)

孙亚军，赵先鸣，徐智敏，等. 煤矿矿井水水质形成及演化的水动力场驱动作用及数学模型构建[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(11)：4157−4170.

SUN Yajun，ZHAO Xianming，XU Zhimin，et al. Hydrodynamic field driving effect and mathematical model construction of water quality formation and evolution in coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(11)：4157−4170.