煤矿开采必然产生大量矿井水，并可能引发水环境污染问题，研究并揭示矿井水的水质形成与演化机理，是煤矿区水污染防控的理论基础。矿井水的水质形成及演化过程非常复杂，受水动力场、水化学场、微生物场和温度场多场作用控制。通过矿井水水质形成的多场作用研究和文献调研，界定了煤矿区矿井水污染场地的研究范围，提出了我国矿井水水质形成的“三带”模型，以传统矿井水害形成的水文地质结构模型为基础，提出并阐明了华北型、西北—东北型、南方型3种典型矿井水水质形成的水文地质结构模式及主控因素；划分并阐明了矿井水水质形成的水动力场的演化阶段及作用过程，包括采前自然平衡、开采强烈扰动和闭坑后再平衡3个阶段；厘清了矿井水水质形成的水化学场控制因素，包括地下水原生化学背景、物源特征及主要化学作用、矿井水水质的总体特征及演化趋势等；提出并阐明了矿井水水质形成的微生物作用机制，论述了矿井水中微生物群落的分布特征、矿井水水质演化以及矿井水污染负荷减量的微生物作用过程；阐明了矿井水水质演化的温度场作用过程，分别探讨了矿区的原生温度场、采动温度场特征及其对矿井水水质演化的影响。在上述基础上，总体阐明了煤矿区矿井水水质形成与演化的多场作用机制，提出了多场耦合作用等问题的研究展望。

Mine seismic while headinguses the vibration generated by the rock cutting of roadheader as the seismic source for detection, which has the advantages of safety, simplicity and efficiency. However, the seismic records collected by mine seismic while heading are complex in wave composition, weak in effective signal energy, and strong noise interference generated by roadheader. The signal and noise ratio isextremely low, and the denoising is difficult. It is necessary to study the denoising method for mine seismic records obtained while heading. By improving the search strategy of artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm, the convergence speed and accuracy of artificial bee colony algorithm are improved. The improved artificial bee colony algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm of independent component analysis (ICA) method to improve the signal and noise separation effect of independent component analysis. The geological-geophysical model of the advance detection of the excavation earthquake is established, and the noised variable frequency amplitude continuous signal is given as the source wavelet of the mine seismic while heading. The finite difference method is used for numerical simulation to obtain the seismic records of themine seismic while heading, and the random noise is added into the simulation seismic records. The independent component analysis method based on improved artificial bee colony (IABC-ICA) is used to separate the noise and effective signal. On this basis, the cross-correlation and pulse deconvolution methods are used to process the compressed wavelet, and the wave field characteristics consistent with the seismic records simulated by the Ricker wavelet source are obtained, which verifies the denoising effect of the method. Combined with the field test data, the IABC-ICA denoising, cross correlation, deconvolution and other processing are carried out to extract the effective wave signal from the actual seismic records with low signal and noise ratio. The study shows that the independent component analysis method based on improved artificial bee colony can better separate the effective signal and interference noise signal in the recordswith mine seismic while heading, and improve the extraction quality of effective signal.

1 矿井水污染场地的界定

   1.1 采动影响下的煤矿区水质“三带”

   1.2 典型水文地质结构及水质形成模式

2 矿井水水质形成的水动力场演化及其作用

   2.1 地下水动力场的演化

   2.2 水动力场演化对矿井水质的影响

3 矿井水水质形成的水化学场演化及主控因素

   3.1 地下水原生化学背景及特征

   3.2 物源特征及主要化学作用

   3.3 矿井水水质的总体特征及演化趋势

4 矿井水的微生物基本特征及其作用

   4.1 矿井水微生物群落的分布特征

   4.2 矿井水水质演化的微生物作用

   4.3 矿井水污染负荷减量的微生物作用

5 矿井水水质演化的温度场作用

   5.1 矿区的原生温度场

   5.2 矿区的采动温度场

   5.3 温度场对矿井水水质演化的影响

6 结论