关闭煤矿涌水来源的准确判识、涌水模式的正确划分对科学处置关闭煤矿排水造成的水资源浪费和水环境污染等问题具有重要意义。基于重庆松藻矿区多个关闭煤矿一个水文年的涌水流量动态监测数据、水化学指标及微生物指标数据，采用涌水的流量动态解析、流量−降雨水文序列相关函数等水量分析手段和水化学指标描述性统计、矿井水样间水化学指标Pearson相关函数等水质分析方法，并结合矿区水文地质条件，提出了“水量−水化学−微生物−水文地质条件”多元正−反演分析的关闭煤矿涌水来源综合判识、涌水模式研究的综合方法。研究结果表明：关闭煤矿涌水量对降雨的响应存在骤升缓降、缓升缓降、平稳3种波动类型；涌水水源、导水介质的不同是导致矿井涌水流量动态变化及其对降雨的响应存在时空差异性的主要原因，也是矿井水TDS、pH、化学关联程度和微生物含量变异性大的关键因素；综合水量、水质的特性对关闭煤矿涌水来源进行综合判识，并基于识别结果，提出了降雨入渗型、含水层释水型、老空水溢出型、复合型4种矿区关闭煤矿涌水模式。多元综合分析方法能有效判识岩溶矿区关闭煤矿涌水来源，深化了对关闭煤矿涌水特征的认识，为松藻矿区关闭煤矿涌水的科学防治与环境−资源协调发展提供了理论支撑。

Accurate identification of the source of water gushing in closed coal mines and correct division of water gushing modes are of great significance for scientific disposal of water resources waste and water environment pollution caused by closed coal mine drainage. A comprehensive method for water inflow characterization, source identification, and model research for closed coal mines by multivariate analysis of “water quantity–hydrochemistry–microorganism–hydrogeological conditions” is proposed. The method is based on the dynamic monitoring data of water inflow and the water chemical and microbial indexes of several closed coal mines in the Songzao mining area of Chongqing in a hydrological year. Water quality analysis methods, such as flow dynamic analysis of water inflow and flow–rainfall hydro-logical series correlation function, descriptive statistics of water chemical indexes, and the Pearson correla-tion function of water chemical indexes between mine water samples are also used as bases. The method is further coupled with the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area. Results show that there are three types of fluctuations in the response of water inflow from closed coal mines to rainfall: sudden rise and slow drop, slow rise and slow drop, and stable. The difference in water inflow source and water diversion medium is the main reason for the dynamic change in mine water inflow and the temporal and spatial differences in its response to rainfall. It also causes the characteristics of large variability in TDS, pH, chemical correlation degree, and microbial content of mine water. Based on water source identification, four types, rainfall infiltration type, aquifer release type, old empty water overflow type, and compound type, of water gushing modes of closed coal mines in mining areas are proposed. The multivariate comprehensive analysis method identifies the source of water inrush from closed coal mines in karst mining areas effectively, deepens the understanding of the characteristics of water inrush from closed coal mines, and provides theoretical support for the scientific prevention and control of closed coal mine water inrush in Songzao mining area and the coordinated development of environment and resources.