煤矿开采扰动间接引起的地下水散失会使松散层压缩，造成地表沉降，威胁煤矿安全生产。为深入分析此类非采动因素对松散含水层失水沉降的影响，根据已有的地质水文资料将研究区松散层自上而下划分为一含、一隔、二含、二隔、三含、三隔和四含。利用分布式光纤监测技术、水文观测技术和土力学实验对研究区域松散含水层进行全面观测，分析了非采动情形下各层位的形变特征，探究了深层隔水层的黏土弱化规律，明确了深层含水层形变量和该层位水头高度变化之间的关系。结果表明：①四含及上部部分隔水层持续压缩是造成研究区域地表沉降的主要原因。对地层形变贡献最大的两个层位分别为四含和一含，其中一含形变具有季节性特征，春季夏季抬升，秋季冬季沉降，而四含则在观测周期内呈持续沉降态势。②结合布设水文孔、分布式光纤和土力学实验，实现了对目标层位黏土弱化程度的监测，研究区四含上覆黏土层受四含地下水的影响产生黏土弱化，其弱化程度与埋深成反比，与地下水流通性成正比，黏土层弱化将导致含水层顶部隔水层压缩，加剧地表沉降。③四含形变与四含层位水头高度变化的趋势一致，两者呈线性关系，观测结果与理论计算结果相符，表明四含失水是造成四含压缩形变的主要原因。

Indirect water loss caused by disturbance from coal mining can cause compression of loose layers and surface subsidence, which poses a threat to coal mine safety. To analyze the effects of such non-mining factors on water loss and subsidence of loose aquifers, the study area was divided into seven layers from top to bottom based on existing geological and hydrological data. Using distributed fiber optic monitoring technology, hydrological observation techniques, and soil mechanics experiments, the loose aquifer in the study area was comprehensively observed and the deformation characteristics of each layer under non-mining conditions were analyzed. The weakening law of the deep aquitard was explored, and the relationship between the deformation of the deep aquifer and the water head height of that layer was determined. The results show that: ① continuous compression of the fourth aquifer and its upper part of the aquitard is the main cause of surface subsidence in the study area. The two layers that contribute the most to the deformation of the strata are the fourth and first aquifers, with the latter showing seasonal deformation characteristics. The fourth aquifer exhibits a continuous subsidence trend during the observation period. ② By combining hydrological boreholes, distributed fiber optic and soil mechanics experiments, monitoring of the degree of clay weakening of the target layer was achieved. The clay layer above the fourth aquifer in the study area is weakened by the impact of the groundwater in the fourth aquifer. The degree of weakening is inversely proportional to the burial depth and directly proportional to the permeability of the groundwater, and the weakening of the clay layer will cause compression of the aquitard at the top of the aquifer and exacerbate surface subsidence. ③ The deformation of the fourth aquifer is consistent with the trend of changes in the water head of the fourth aquifer, and the two are linearly related. The observation results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation results, indicating that water loss from the fourth aquifer is the main cause of its compression deformation.