School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,China University of Mining and Technology
Jiangsu Alwater Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

煤炭碳含量高、储量丰富且价廉易得,是优质的炭膜原料。以煤炭为原料制备的煤基炭膜用于废水处理时具有分离效率高、工艺操作简单、重复性好、处理废水种类多和可用于大规模工业化处理等显著优点。煤基炭膜依靠其筛滤和吸附作用可去除废水中尺寸在0.05~10.00μm的主要污染物,但对于粒径远小于膜孔的有机污染物或重金属离子去除能力较低。此外,单一煤基炭膜分离在长周期工作后由于污染物在膜内外表面吸附累积,出现膜分离能力与膜抗污性降低等问题。因此,通过选用特定的煤基炭前驱体、支撑体和添加剂等制备原料,以及优化制备工艺条件,以达到改善炭膜孔径大小与分布、提高炭膜亲水性的目的。同时,利用煤基炭膜的导电性,在传统炭膜分离工艺的基础上采用与电化学或高级氧化工艺耦合的方法提高处理各种废水的能力并解决膜污染问题,如耦合电化学氧化、电吸附、电气浮和电芬顿氧化等。这些耦合技术在提高膜分离效率的同时增强膜的抗污性能,降低能耗,是煤基炭膜应用于废水处理的新发展,对煤炭高效清洁利用和工业化废水处理具有重要意义。基于此,综述了近十几年来处理废水用煤基炭膜的制备,以及电化学或高级氧化工艺耦合膜分离技术应用于废水处理的原理、特点及研究进展,并展望了煤基炭膜未来处理废水的研究方向。

Coal is high-quality raw material for carbon membrane due to its high carbon content, abundant reserves, and affordable availability. Coal-based carbon membrane using coal as raw material for wastewater treatment has advantages of high separation efficiency for avariety of wastewater, simple process operation, good repeatability, and can be used for large-scale industrial treatment. Although coalbased carbon membrane can remove pollutants with sizes of about 0.05-10.00 μm in the wastewater by screening and adsorption, the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metal ions with particle size much smaller than the membrane pore is limited. Moreover, thesingle coal-based carbon membrane separation will face the problems such as reduced separation capacity and fouling resistance abilitydue to the adsorption and accumulation of pollutants on the external and internal surfaces of the membrane after long-term operation.Therefore,by choosing specific coal-based carbon precursor, appropriate support and additives as raw materials, as well as optimizing thepreparation process conditions, the goal of improving the pore size and distribution of carbon membranes and enhancing the hydrophilicityis achieved. At the same time, by utilizing the electrical conductivity of coal-based carbon membrane, and the methods of coupling withelectrochemical or advanced oxidation processes are adopt on the basis of traditional carbon membrane separation process to improve theability of treating various wastewater and solve the membrane pollution problem, such as electrochemical oxidation, electroadsorption,electroflotation and electrofenton oxidation. These coupling technologies can improve membrane separation efficiency, enhance membranefouling resistance and reduce energy consumption, which are new developments of coal-based carbon membrane application in wastewatertreatment and are of great significance for efficient and clean utilization of coal and industrial wastewater treatment. The preparationof coal-based carbon membrane in recent ten years and the principle, characteristics and research progress of electrochemical or advancedoxidation processes coupled membrane separation technology applied to wastewater treatment were reviewed from the above aspects, andthe future research direction of coal based carbon membranes for wastewater treatment was prospected.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(21706276)

韩倩,刘志铭,杨小芹,等.煤基炭膜处理废水的研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2023,29(11):49-57.

HAN Qian,LIU Zhiming,YANG Xiaoqin,et al.Recent progress on coal-based carbon membrane in wastewater treatment[J].Clean Coal Technology,2023,29(11):49-57.