School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology

随着煤矿开采强度的提高，生产系统更易失稳，煤矿灾害发生概率和严重程度逐渐增加。煤矿灾害治理很大程度上依靠各类治灾材料的实施，而其效果是否能够充分发挥是由灾害介质与材料间复杂的物理化学结合作用效应所决定。在长期对膨润土基材料研究的基础上，结合其某些突出特性来解决煤矿灾害，防控某些技术难题，介绍了以机械-化学联合改性法、有机活化-无机盐改性法、复合偶联剂-表面分散法和复合聚合物熔融插层法4种核心的界面改性方法，对膨润土基础材料的性能进行了定向加强改性，论述了这些改性效果与灾害治理的作用关联，最后提出了以其为基础，研发适合不同场景的系列灾害防治材料。

With the gradual increase of coal mining intensity, the production system is more prone to instability, and the occurrence probability and severity of five major coal mine disasters increase gradually. The effect of coal mine disaster control largely depends on all kinds of disaster control materials. The complex physical and chemical interaction between disaster medium and material determines whether the effect can be fully played. On the basis of long-term research on bentonite-based materials, this paper combined with some outstanding properties to solve some technical problems in coal mine disaster prevention and control, and introduced four core interface modification methods, namely, mechanical-chemical modification method, organic activation-inorganic salt modification method, composite coupling agent-surface dispersion method and composite polymer melting intercalation method. A series of disaster prevention materials suitable for different scenarios were developed by directional strengthening modification of bentonite base materials.

1 膨润土结构
2 可利用的膨润土材料物化特性
2.1 立体晶格结构锁水特性
2.2 层状晶格的热稳定性
2.3 膨润土的微尺度多孔特性
2.4 膨润土的层间空隙形成多孔吸附特性
2.5 膨润土的低导热特性
3 膨润土的改性思路及方法实践
3.1 机械-化学联合改性
3.2 有机活化-无机盐改性
3.3 复合偶联剂-表面分散法
3.4 复合聚合物熔融插层法
4 结语

程健维，王钰，郑欣睿，等. 膨润土基矿物材料特性与煤矿典型灾害治理（Ⅰ）: 定向改性与功能强化[J]. 煤矿安全，2023，54（11）：62−68.

CHENG Jianwei, WANG Yu, ZHENG Xinrui, et al. Properties of bentonite based mineral materials and typical disaster management in coal mines (Ⅰ) : directional modification and function strengthening[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2023, 54（11）: 62−68.