生态脆弱区生态水位变异程度对区域生态地质环境保护至关重要。煤层采动下生态水位势必发生变异，当前研究集中于采动潜水渗漏下生态水位下降，极少考虑潜水不渗漏/采煤沉陷扰动下生态水位恢复程度。为此，采用地下水动力学、地下水位实测、数理统计、综合分析等方法，提出以“判别煤层采动下潜水渗漏状态→实测采煤工作面生态水位变化→建立生态水位恢复程度井流解析模型→预测不同生态水位恢复时间→对比不同生态水位恢复时间解析值与实测值”为思路的解析方法，研究生态脆弱区采煤沉陷扰动下生态水位恢复程度。结果表明：①基于“关键层位置+薄板理论+土拱效应+下行裂隙”建立了采动覆岩–土结构下导水裂隙发育高度计算方法，克服了现有经验公式未考虑土层效应导致的预测精度不足，结合残余隔水层厚度与潜水渗漏状态，实现了采动潜水渗漏状态判别；②采煤沉陷扰动下实测生态水位呈现“先迅速下降–缓慢回升–趋于稳定”的变化规律，但采后生态水位不能完全恢复至采前状态；③建立了采煤沉陷扰动下生态水位恢复程度井流解析模型，预计生态水位3个不同恢复程度的恢复时间解析值，对比于实测值，两者时间误差均小于10%；④从地表地形地貌、大气降雨补给、潜水含水层补径排、矿区井下疏放水等角度探讨了采后生态水位未完全恢复至采前状态原因。

The variation degree of ecological water level in ecologically fragile areas is very important for ecological geological environment protection. Ecological water level inevitably undergoes variation under coal seam mining. The current research focuses on the decline of ecological water level under mining induced groundwater leakage, with little consideration given to the ecological water level restoration degree under non leakage of groundwater or disturbance of coal mining subsidence. For this reason, methods such as groundwater dynamics, groundwater level measurement, mathematical statistics, and comprehensive analysis are adopted, and an analytical method was proposed based on the idea of “distinguishing the leakage status of groundwater under coal seam mining → measuring the ecological water level changes in the coal mining face → establishing an ecological water level restoration degree well flow analysis model → predicting different ecological water level restoration times → comparing the analytical and measured values of different ecological water level restoration times” to study the degree of ecological water level restoration under the disturbance of coal mining subsidence in ecologically fragile areas. The results are as follows. ① Based on “key strata layer location + thin plate theory + soil arch effect + descending fissure”, a calculation method for the water-conducting fissure development height under overburden bedrock and soil structure is established, which overcomes the insufficient prediction accuracy caused by the existing empirical formula not considering the soil layer effect. Furthermore, combines the relationship between the thickness of the residual water-retaining layer and the aquifer seepage state, the aquifer seepage state is confirmed. ② Under the disturbance of coal mining subsidence, the measured ecological water level shows a change law of “rapid decline first, slow recovery, and stabilization”, but the ecological water level after coal mining can’t completely recover to the premining state. ③ An analytical model of the recovery degree of ecological water level under the disturbance of coal mining subsidence is established. The analytical values of the recovery time of three different recovery degrees of ecological water level are estimated, and the time errors of both are less than 10% compared with the measured values. ④ The reasons for the incomplete recovery of postmining ecological water level to pre-mining state are discussed from the perspectives of surface topography, atmospheric rainfall recharge, recharge and drainage of phreatic aquifers, and underground water drainage in mining areas.