我国岩溶地质分布广泛，岩溶突涌水已成为石灰石矿山安全生产的巨大灾害与挑战。以广西某岩溶凹陷式露天矿山大流量涌水为研究对象，针对该矿山地质条件复杂、集中涌水量大、流速高等特点，利用岩溶发育特征、资料分析与地球物理探查等方法初步圈定矿山径流带区域；进一步通过钻探、跨孔CT和示踪联通试验等精准查找到矿山Y01特大涌水点岩溶管道的具体位置，在此基础上研究并实施了矿山涌水治理技术与工艺。研究表明：①针对复杂岩溶凹陷式露天矿山大流量、高流速的涌水特征，提出并实施了“非连续帷幕截流+关键通道探查与封堵+止浆垫控流降速”的岩溶矿山涌水综合治理体系。依据岩溶发育的不均匀性，提出了非连续帷幕封堵裂隙型涌水区域的思想；对大流量岩溶管道型集中涌水设计采用止浆垫控流装置，通过控流能有效降低关键过水通道内水流速度，为注浆材料的有效留存沉积和工程的成功封堵提供了重要条件。 ②关键孔联合注浆工艺是岩溶管道型涌水成功封堵的保证，关键孔是指直接揭露岩溶涌水管道或与涌水管道联通性极强并对注浆堵水起主要作用的钻孔。针对矿山Y01岩溶管道型特大涌水精准查找到2个关键孔，均在矿坑南部：一个是距涌水点直线距离约50 m的近距离钻孔（以下简称“近孔”），另一个是距涌水点直线距离约150 m的远距离钻孔（以下简称“远孔”）。现场采用近孔、远孔2个关键孔联合注浆工艺：近孔以粗骨料和自主研发的可控凝结新型材料进行注浆，远孔仅注水泥浆液；近孔粗骨料和新型材料既能降低管道内的水流速度为远孔浆液起到更好的留存沉积作用，又能作为封堵材料起到增强的功能，远孔因其离涌水点距离长、辐射范围广、浆液扩散充分而能确保封堵长度和效果。近孔、远孔协同配合同步注浆是封堵管道型大流量涌水的有效组合工艺。③涌水口止浆垫控流降速装置的合理有效调控，配合关键孔联合注浆工艺的同步实施，进一步确保了注浆浆液的有效快速留存和沉积，是岩溶地区封堵管道型大流量涌水的创新性技术和方法。项目实施后，彻底封堵矿坑内集中涌水量达7.12万m³/d的Y01特大涌水点，实现总减水量8.43万m³/d（含非连续帷幕注浆封堵），保证了矿山的正常安全开采，大幅降低了抽排水费用，同时保护了周边环境和地下水资源，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。研究成果可为我国矿山涌水灾害治理提供理论价值和经验借鉴。

Karst geology is widely distributed in China, and karst water gushing has become a huge disaster and challenge for the safe production of limestone mines. Taking the large-flow water inflow of a karst sunken open pit mine in Guangxi as the research object, aiming at the characteristics of complex geological conditions, large concentrated water inflow and high flow rate of the mine, the karst development characteristics, data analysis and geophysical exploration methods are used to preliminarily delineate the mine runoff zone area and water source. After that, the specific location of the karst pipeline at the Y01 extra-large water gushing point of the mine was accurately found through drilling, cross-hole CT and tracer connection test. On this basis, the mine water gushing treatment technology and process were studied and implemented. The research shows that: ① In view of the characteristics of large flow and high flow rate in complex karst sunken open pit mines, a comprehensive treatment system of water gushing in karst mines is proposed and implemented, which is “discontinuous curtain closure + key channel exploration and plugging + slurry-stopping cushion to control flow and reduce speed.” According to the inhomogeneity of karst development, the idea of discontinuous curtain plugging fissure water gushing area is put forward. A slurry-stopping pad flow control device was designed for the concentrated water inflow of large-flow karst pipelines. The flow control can effectively reduce the flow velocity in the key water passage, which provides an important condition for the effective retention and deposition of grouting materials and the successful plugging of the project. ② The key hole refers to the drilling hole that directly exposes the karst water gushing pipeline or has strong connectivity with the water gushing pipeline and plays a major role in grouting and water plugging. In this paper, two key holes were successfully found for the large water inflow of Y01 karst pipeline type in the mine, both in the south of the mine. One is a short-distance borehole with a linear distance of about 50 meters from the water inflow point, which is referred to as the near hole, and the other is a long-distance borehole with a linear distance of about 150 meters from the water inflow point, which is referred to as the far hole. The simultaneous grouting process of two key holes, near hole and far hole, is adopted in the field. The near hole is mainly grouted with aggregate, and the far hole is only grouted with slurry. The near hole aggregate can not only reduce the water flow in the pipeline, but also play a better role in retaining and depositing the far hole slurry, and can be used as a plugging material to enhance the function. The far hole can ensure the length and effect of plugging due to its wide radiation range and sufficient slurry diffusion. The simultaneous grouting of near hole and far hole is an effective combination process for rapid plugging of large flow water gushing in pipeline. ③ After the implementation of the project, the Y01 super-large water gushing point with a concentrated water inflow of 71 200 m³/d in the mine was completely blocked, and the total water reduction was 84 300 m³/d (including discontinuous curtain grouting plugging), which ensured the normal and safe mining of the mine, greatly reduced the cost of pumping and drainage, and protected the surrounding environment and groundwater resources, with significant economic and social benefits. The research results can provide important theoretical technology and experience for the treatment of water inrush disaster in karst mines in China.