鉴于新疆煤炭资源赋存条件的独特性以及煤炭赋存区生态环境的脆弱性，科学开发新疆煤炭资源成为当务之急。为此，简要论述了新疆煤炭资源地质赋存条件、赋煤区水文地质条件、自然地理与生态环境条件，分析了新疆煤炭资源开发潜力。结果表明：新疆煤炭资源极为丰富，全区预测煤炭资源量2.19万亿t，占全国总预测储量的40%以上；新疆共有 24个预测资源量超过100 亿t的煤田，其中5个煤田预测资源量超过1 000亿t，8个煤田预测资源量在400亿～1 000 亿t，11个煤田预测资源量在100亿～400 亿t；潜在煤炭资源量中，1 000 m以下浅储量占比52.8%。新疆煤炭资源以低阶烟煤和中阶烟煤为主要煤阶，其次是中煤阶煤中的高阶烟煤，而低煤阶煤中的褐煤和中煤阶煤中的超高阶烟煤以及高煤阶煤中的无烟煤，分布范围和数量极为有限，所占资源总量的比例很低；综合考虑疆煤外运、疆电外送、西气东输以及本地煤化工产业规划，预计2035年新疆煤炭产能有望超8亿t。在此基础上，构建了生态环境承载力评价指标体系，对新疆规划建设的五大煤矿区生态环境承载力进行了评价，得出：新疆煤炭资源赋存区生态环境承载力整体处于中低水平，五大煤矿区生态环境承载力均值排序为伊犁(0.42)>库拜(0.38)>和丰(0.31)>准东(0.25)>吐哈(0.22)，呈现出由西到东递减的趋势。针对新疆煤炭资源开发条件与潜力，提出了优化煤炭资源开发布局、推动开采技术升级、推进智能采矿技术、强化绿色开采理念、拓展煤炭多元化利用渠道等策略。

In view of the uniqueness of the occurrence conditions of coal resources in Xinjiang and the fragility of the ecological environment in the coal occurrence area, it is urgent to develop coal resources in Xinjiang scientifically. Therefore, in this paper, the geological occurrence conditions, hydrogeological conditions, physical geography and ecological environment conditions of coal resources in Xinjiang were briefly discussed, and the exploitation potential of coal resources was analyzed. The results show that the coal resources in Xinjiang are extremely abundant, with an estimated coal resource of 2.19 trillion tonnes in the entire region, accounting for more than 40% of the total estimated coal resources in China. There are 24 coal fields in Xinjiang with estimated resource levels exceeding 10 billion tonnes, of which 5 have estimated resource levels exceeding 100 billion tonnes, 8 have estimated resource levels between 40 billion−100 billion tonnes, and 11 have estimated resource levels between 10 billion−40 billion tonnes. Among the potential coal resources, shallow resources below 1000 meters account for 52.8%. The main coal rank of Xinjiang’s coal resources is low-rank bituminous coal and medium-rank bituminous coal, fol-lowed by high-rank bituminous coal in middling coal rank coal, while lignite in low-rank coal, ultra-high rank bituminous coal in middling coal rank coal and anthracite in high-rank coal have extremely limited distribution range and quantity, accounting for a very low proportion of the total resources. Taking into account the transportation of coal from Xinjiang, the transmission of electricity from Xinjiang, the transmission of natural gas from the west to the east, and the local coal chemical industry plan, it is expected that Xinjiang’s coal production capacity will exceed 800 million tonnes by 2035. On this basis, an ecological environment carrying capacity evaluation index system was constructed, and the ecological environment carrying capacity of the five major coal mining areas planned and constructed in Xinjiang was evaluated. The results show that the overall ecological environment carrying capacity of the coal resource areas in Xinjiang is at a medium to low level, and the average ecological environment carrying capacity of the five major coal mining areas is ranked as Yili (0.42)>Kubai (0.38)>Hefeng (0.31)>Zhundong (0.25)>Tuha (0.22). It shows a decreasing trend from west to east. In response to the conditions and potential of coal resource development in Xinjiang, strategies have been proposed to optimize the layout of coal resource development, promote mining technology upgrading, promote intelligent mining technology, strengthen the concept of green mining, and expand diversified channels for coal utilization.