“双碳”目标下,面对“缺油、少气、相对富煤”的资源禀赋特征,煤炭在一段时期内仍占据国的主体能源地位,但煤炭的低碳、清洁开发转型势在必行。地下原位热解、气化、干馏、制氢等方式有望成为未来煤炭开发的重要抓手。当前对煤炭原位开发已有较多探索,但地质选址和开发过程的地质安全性、可靠性和环保性仍是制约其规模化和商业化的科学难题。因此,煤炭原位开发地质保障的理论和技术研究亟待深入。秉持“安全、经济、环保、可持续”原则,从煤炭资源禀赋特征和地质条件出发,分析了煤炭原位开发研究现状;基于煤炭开发全生命周期的科学理念,提出了“煤炭原位开发地质保障”的科学内涵;在查明采前地质条件的基础上,从物理机制角度揭示深部原位开发过程中围岩地质体响应特征和损害规律,阐明原位开发中岩体工程地质力学行为,构建原位开发地质条件动态评价模型,形成原位开发减损保障策略和方法,提出原位开发空间的再利用途径,并以煤炭地下气化和地下热解2种开发模式为例阐述了原位开发阶段性,明确了原位开发区设计的地质条件要素,强调开发过程中实时动态监测和评价围岩地质体响应保证开发区密封性与安全性,实现地质条件时空演化的评价及地质风险可控性,此外注重协同开发深部热能与共伴生资源,实现残余资源利用和地下空间再利用。煤炭原位地质保障研究体现了资源赋存条件、地质环境约束、原位开发技术、地质风险防控、资源协同开发等层面的要求,突出了原位扰动条件下的地质条件变化,强调开发扰动与地质体结构的整体研究,理解原位开发时空效应范畴的多相场耦合损伤机制,从多圈层角度揭示原位开发扰动效应下地质风险模式,破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间矛盾,对于推动未来煤炭低碳开发,实现煤炭工业高质量发展具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。

Under the “ dual carbon” target, faced with the resource endowment characteristics of “ shortage of oil, scarcity of gas, and relative abundance of coal ,”coal still occupies a dominant position inChina’ s primary energy sector for a certain period. And it is imperative to develop the low-carbon andclean transformation of coal. Underground in-situ pyrolysis, gasification, dry distillation, hydrogen production and other methods are expected to become important approaches for future coal development.At present, there have been many explorations on in-situ coal development, but the geological safety,reliability, and environmental protection of geological site selection and development process are stillscientific challenges that constrain its scale and commercialization. Therefore, the theoretical and technical research on geological guarantee for in-situ coal development needs to be deepened urgently. Adhering to the principles of “ safety, economy, environmental protection, and sustainability” , this paperanalyzes the current research status of coal in-situ development, starting from the characteristics of coalresource endowment and geological conditions. Based on the scientific concept of the entire life cycle ofcoal development, the scientific connotation of “ geological guarantee for coal in-situ development” isproposed. By identifying pre-mining geological conditions, the response characteristics and damage lawsof surrounding rock geological bodies during the deep in-situ development process are revealed from theperspective of physical mechanisms, clarify the geological and mechanical behavior of rock mass engineering in in-situ development, construct a dynamic evaluation model for geological conditions in in-situdevelopment, form a loss reduction guarantee strategy and method for in-situ development, and proposeways to reuse in-situ development space. Taking two development models of underground coal gasification and underground pyrolysis as examples, this paper elaborates on the phased nature of in-situ development, clarifies the geological conditions elements of in-situ Development Zone design, emphasizes real-time dynamic monitoring and evaluation of surrounding rock geological response during the development process to ensure the sealing and safety of the development zone, and achieves the evaluation ofgeological conditions’ spatiotemporal evolution and geological risk controllability. In addition, the emphasis is placed on collaborative development of deep thermal energy and co-associated resources, achieving the utilization of residual resources and the reuse of underground space. The research on in-situ geological guarantee of coal reflects the requirements of resource occurrence conditions, geologicalenvironment constraints, in-situ development technology, geological risk prevention and control, and resource collaborative development. It attaches importance on the changes in geological conditions underin-situ disturbance conditions, emphasizes the overall study of development disturbance and geologicalbody structure, and recognizes the multiphase field coupling damage mechanism in the field of spatiotemporal effects of in-situ development. To reveal the geological risk mode under the disturbance effectof in-situ development from a multi layer perspective, and to identify the contradiction between resourcedevelopment and geological environmental constraints has important theoretical and practical guidingsignificance for promoting low-carbon coal development in the future and achieving high-quality development of the coal industry.