针对松软、破碎围岩巷道可锚性差、受强动压和强构造应力影响等问题，开展了大量现场调研并归纳分析了3种典型煤矿巷道围岩大变形和围岩控制难题；在分析现有支护技术和理论基础上，提出再造高强度承载结构快速支护技术思路和再造方法。以贵州龙宝煤矿11205运输下山为工程背景，分析其变形破坏原因，结合实际设计出对破碎围岩进行置换加卸压的联合支护方法，理论上建立巷旁充填墙承载力学模型，分析了巷旁充填墙的承载强度，确定了巷旁充填墙的强度与巷道围岩的可适性及有效性。结合FLAC^3D数值模拟与Python脚本编程语言，实现飞蛾火焰优化算法，确定最优的破碎围岩巷道的置换参数（墙体厚度和卸压区宽度）。研发了高强度高韧性充填支护新材料。通过对软弱墙体进行置换再造，让巷道顶板、充填体和底板重新构成一个整体承载结构。井下工业性试验结果表明，对巷道软弱岩体进行置换再造后，巷道顶板、充填体和底板所构成的新结构可实现整体承载，充分发挥了围岩自身承载能力和抵抗变形能力，围岩变形趋于平稳，收敛速率基本都小于0.2 mm/d，无明显变形，且数值模拟计算结果与工程实践监测较为吻合，表明巷旁充填置换支护方案对松软破碎围岩巷道控制有较好的效果。最后，对深入研究再造承载结构快速支护技术进行了展望。

In response to the technical challenges of supporting tunnels in loose and fragmented surrounding rock with poor anchorage, strong dynamic pressure, and strong structural stress influences, extensive on-site surveys were conducted, and several typical problems of large deformation in coal mine tunnel surrounding rock and difficulty in rock control were summarized and analyzed. Based on the analysis of existing support technologies and theoretical foundations, a concept and method for the rapid support technology of reconstructing high-strength load-bearing structures were proposed. Taking the 11205 down-hill transport tunnel at Longbao Coal Mine in Guizhou as an engineering background, the causes of deformation and failure were analyzed. A combined support method of displacement and unloading for fragmented surrounding rock was designed in practice. The design plan and optimal parameter calculations for the roadside backfill wall were carried out, and a mechanical model for the load-bearing capacity of the roadside backfill wall was theoretically established. Its load-bearing strength was analyzed to determine the strength of the wall and its suitability and effectiveness with the surrounding rock of the tunnel. By integrating the FLAC^3D numerical simulation software and the Python scripting language, the moth-flame optimization algorithm was applied to determine the optimal displacement parameters for the fragmented rock tunnel (wall thickness and unloading zone width). A new material for high-strength, high-toughness backfill support was developed. By displacing and reconstructing the weak wall body, the tunnel roof, backfill, and floor were reconstituted into an integral load-bearing structure. Industrial-scale trial results underground showed that after reconstructing the weak rock body of the tunnel, the new structure consisting of the roof, backfill, and floor fully utilized the surrounding rock’s own load-bearing capacity and resistance to deformation. The rock deformation stabilized, the convergence rate was generally less than 0.2 mm/d, with no significant deformation, and the results of the numerical simulation calculations were consistent with the engineering practice monitoring, indicating that the roadside backfill displacement support scheme has a good effect on controlling tunnels in loose and fragmented surrounding rock. This can provide a theoretical basis for the support and strength parameters of roadside backfill. Finally, the paper looked forward to deeper research into the technology of rapid support for reconstructed load-bearing structures.