安新煤田主采煤层上覆巨厚弱胶结砂砾岩含水层，富水性弱，但多个工作面回采期间发生突水，查明突水机制是矿井水害防治的关键。通过水文地质特征分析，阐明了砂砾岩含水层厚度分布特征和富水性分区特征。采用岩石单轴抗压强度、三轴声发射、X衍射试验等方法，获得了顶板隔水层岩石物理力学性质。基于关键层理论分析、导水裂隙带与采动富水异常区层位关系及相似模拟试验成果，建立了4种条件下巨厚砂砾岩含水层突水的水文地质结构模型，揭示了砂砾岩含水层不同条件下的突水机制，并明确了研究区突水点的突水机制，提出了隔水保护层失稳导致突水的工程判据。研究结果表明：研究区东部局部区域含水层富水性中等，以往多次突水均发生在弱富水区；砂砾岩含水层下顶板泥岩中黏土矿物含量达到59.6%，亲水性强，具有良好的隔水作用；但在采动作用下顶板隔水层岩体卸压后强度降低，厚度较薄时，受上部岩层载荷和采动富水区静水压力作用易发生破坏，成为良好导水通道；砂砾岩含水层物理力学性质特殊，采动扰动后孔隙裂隙发育，形成了富水变化异常区；弱胶结砂砾岩突水的强度与下部基岩特征、导水裂隙带发育高度、隔水保护层厚度等因素相关；研究区弱胶结砂砾岩发生突水的工程判据为正常区隔水保护层厚度小于30 m，受背斜构造影响区隔水保护层厚度小于60 m。弱胶结巨厚砂砾岩含水层离层突水机制及工程判据对西部矿区水害防治提供了借鉴。

There is a giant thick glutenite aquifer with weak water-bearing intensity on the main coal seam in Anxin Coal Field. However, water inrush disasters occurred in several working faces during mining. Finding out the water inrush mechanism is the basis of mine water disaster control. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological characteristics, the zoning characteristics of the thickness and water-rich intensity of the glutenite aquifer were elucidated. By means of uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial acoustic emission and X-ray diffraction, the physical and mechanical properties of the roof aquiclude were obtained. Based on theoretical analysis of key layers, the relationship of fracture zone and mining catchment zone, and similar simulation tests, four hydrogeological structure model of water inrush for the glutenite aquifer were established and water inrush mechanisms for the glutenite aquifer were revealed. At last, the engineering criteria and prevention measures for water proof protective layer instability were put forward. The research results showed that the aquifer in the eastern part of the study area is moderately water-rich, and many water inrush occurred in the weak water-rich area in the past. The clay mineral content in the roof mudstone reached 59.6% with a strong hydrophilicity and good water-resisting property. The strength of the roof aquiclude decreased after mining, and it was easily become good water-conducting channel under the action of upper rock load and hydrostatic pressure of mining catchment zone. The glutenite aquifer had special physical and mechanical properties, and pore-fissures developed and changed to be water-bearing abnormal zone after mining disturbance. The water inrush intensity of giant thick glutenite was related to the characteristics of the lower bedrock, the height of the water-conducting fissure zone and the thickness of the water-proof protective layer. The engineering criterion of water burst for weakly cemented glutenite is the protective layer less than 30 m in the normal area and less than 60m in the geological structure area respectively. Study on the separated layer water burst mechanism and engineering criterion for weakly cemented giant thick glutenite can provide reference for the water inrush prevention in the western coal fields.