Shaanxi Shanmei Caojiatan Mining Co.,Ltd.
National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling,Chi-na University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology
Shaanxi Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring

鄂尔多斯盆地开采侏罗纪煤层的矿区有24个,原煤产量占全国的45%左右,随着开采深度的增加,煤层顶板直罗组古河道砂岩含水层成为煤矿突水的主要水源。直罗组砂岩含水层富水性相对较弱,但采动条件下释水效应显著,成为长期、持续提供煤矿矿井水的主要突水水源。同时,该区属于生态脆弱区,水资源相对短缺,如何有效利用有限的水资源,无疑是矿区地下水系统保护和生态环境保护的重要基础。以榆神矿区及曹家滩煤矿为例,提出了古河道砂岩含水层研究技术路线、主要研究内容和研究方法。应综合运用沉积学、水文地质学和矿井防治水理论,辅助必要的野外地质调查、典型剖面实测、水文地质及环境地质典型要素专项调查、钻探、物探测井和采样测试、数值模拟等方法,重点开展古河道砂岩含水层沉积演化及物性特征、古河道砂岩含水层地下水系统特征、古河道砂岩含水层与煤层开采互馈机制等3个方面的研究。神府南区研究实践表明,直罗组下段古河道砂体规模巨大且具有良好的孔隙、裂隙结构特征,具有良好的地下水储存和运移性能,总体上以红碱淖-尔林兔-锦界一线为轴线,呈NW-SE向带状展布。延安组第四段、第五段遭受了直罗组古河道冲刷。主河道区域富水性强于分支河道和分流间湾区域,是矿井涌(突)水危险性较大区域,应做好水害防控。

There are 24 mining areas in the Ordos Basin that exploit Jurassic coal seams,with raw coal production ac-counting for about 45%of the national total.With the increase of mining depth,the sandstone aquifer of the Zhiluo Formation in the coal seam roof has become the main source of water inrush in coal mines.The water content of the Zhiluo Formation sandstone aquifer is relatively weak,but the water release effect is significant under mining conditions,making it the main source of long-term and sustainable water supply for coal mines.At the same time,the area belongs to an ecologically fragile area with relatively scarce water resources.How to effectively utilize limited water re-sources is undoubtedly an important foundation for the protection of the groundwater system and ecological environment in the mining area.Taking the Yushen mining area and Caojiatan coal mine as examples,this paper proposes the tech-nical route,main research content,and research methods for studying the sandstone aquifer in ancient river channels.Using comprehensive sedimentology,hydrogeology,and mine water prevention and control theory to assist necessary field geological surveys,typical profile measurements,specialized investigations of hydrogeological and environmen-tal geological typical elements,drilling,geophysical logging and sampling testing,numerical simulation,and oth-er methods.We will focus on conducting research on three aspects:the sedimentary evolution and physical character-istics of ancient channel sandstone aquifers,the groundwater system characteristics of ancient channel sandstone aqui-fers,and the mutual feedback mechanism between ancient channel sandstone aquifers and coal seam mining.The re-search practice in Shenfu South District shows that the sand body of the ancient river channel in the lower section of the Zhiluo Formation has a huge scale and good pore and fracture structure characteristics,with good underground water storage and transportation performance.Overall,it is distributed in a NW-SE trending strip along the Hongjian-nao Erlintu Jinjie line as the axis.The fourth and fifth sections of the Yan’an Formation were eroded by the ancient river channel of the Zhiluo Formation.The main river channel area has a stronger water richness than the branch riv-er channel and diversion bay area,and is a high-risk area for mine water inrush.Therefore,water hazard prevention and control should be done well.

陕西省秦创源“科学家+工程师”科技创新资助项目(2024QCY-KXJ-055);陕西煤业化工集团有限责任公司科技创新计划项目(2023SMHKJ-B-J-88)

华照来,范立民,李增林,等.古河道砂岩含水层水资源保护与水害防治方法[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(1):65-75.

HUA Zhaolai,FAN Limin,LI Zenglin,et al.Methods for water resource protection and water hazard prevention in sandstone aquifers of ancient river channels[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(1):65-75.