CO2和工业固体废弃物的排放量逐年上升,威胁人类的生存和发展,世界各国迫切寻求降碳减排的解决路径。研究人员基于钙、镁元素与CO2反应生成稳定的碳酸盐反应,开发出一系列CO2矿化工艺,实现CO2的永久封存。为实现CO2的大规模封存和含钙固废的高值化利用,降低矿化成本,选取廉价易得的含钙工业固体废弃物为矿化原料,从多晶型微纳米碳酸钙的制备入手,总结了含钙工业固废浸取和CO2间接矿化的最新研究进展,介绍了含钙工业固废间接矿化常用的浸取剂,并着重分析了间接矿化制备微纳米碳酸钙时反应条件和晶型控制剂对碳酸钙晶型和形貌产生的影响,对其控制原理进行了解释说明,总结了CO2间接矿化含钙固废当前存在的技术难点,展望了未来的研究重点。国内外结果表明,调变温度、pH、搅拌速率以及CO2通气速率等矿化反应条件或添加晶型控制剂能有效控制碳酸钙的晶型、形貌和尺寸。利用含钙工业固体废弃物间接矿化CO2制备微纳米碳酸钙能够满足不同领域对碳酸钙的使用要求,能带来经济效益和环境效益,具有广阔的发展前景。

The emissions of CO2 and industrial solid waste are increasing year by year, posing a threat to human survival and development.Countries around the world are urgently seeking solutions to reduce carbon emissions. Researchers have developed a series of CO2 mineralization processes by reacting calcium and magnesium elements with CO2 to generate stable carbonates, achieving permanent CO2 storage. Inorder to achieve large-scale CO2 storage, high-value utilization of calcium containing solid waste, and reduce mineralization costs, inexpensive and easily available calcium containing industrial solid waste was selected as mineralization raw materials. Started from the preparation of polycrystalline micro nano calcium carbonate, the latest research progress on the leaching of calcium containing industrial solidwaste and CO2 interstitial mineralization was summarized. The commonly used leaching agents for indirect mineralization of calcium containing industrial solid waste were introduced, and the impact of reaction conditions and crystal form control agents on the crystal formand morphology of micro nano calcium carbonate during indirect mineralization preparation was analyzed. The control principle was understood and explained. Finally, the current technical difficulties and future research focus of indirect mineralization technology were summarizedand discussed. The results indicate that adjusting the mineralization reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, stirring rate, and CO2 aerationrate, or adding crystal form control agents, can effectively control the crystal form, morphology, and size of calcium carbonate. The indirect mineralization of CO2 from industrial solid waste containing calcium to prepare micro nano calcium carbonate can meet the requirements of differentfields for the use of calcium carbonate, and can generate economic and environmental benefits, with broad development prospects.

0 引言

1 间接矿化工艺与矿化原料

2 多晶型碳酸钙制备

   2.1 含钙工业固废制备方解石研究进展

   2.2 含钙工业固废制备文石研究进展

   2.3 含钙工业固废制备球霰石研究进展

3 晶型及形貌控制

   3.1 工艺参数的影响

   3.2 晶型控制剂

4 结语及展望