准确掌握岩体受载破坏过程电荷感应规律，对于冲击地压等动力灾害预测具有重要意义。在电荷监测仪采集精准度优化提升基础上，对砂岩试样单轴压缩受载破坏电荷感应规律进行了实验室监测试验，并进行井下监测试验，详细分析了不同加载速率下砂岩电荷感应与应力降以及裂纹扩展的关系和超前工作面支承压力影响区电荷感应特征。结果表明：岩样受载破坏过程中裂纹的多次形成、发育与扩展均伴随着电荷感应信号，前兆电荷信号的产生早于岩样受载破裂出现的应力降；在0.005、0.015、0.020 mm/s 3种加载速率条件下，岩样破坏过程的电荷信号规律随加载速率的变化显现出差异性，主要表现为加载速率越大，电荷信号越丰富，超前应力突变前兆电荷信号越发提前出现；现场各测点平均感应电荷量最大值均位于超前支承压力影响区内，且平均感应电荷量大小与工作面超前支承压力分布趋势一致。

It is of great significance to accurately grasp the charge induction law of rock mass during load failure process for the prediction of dynamic disasters such as rock burst. On the basis of optimizing and improving the acquisition accuracy of charge monitor, laboratory monitoring tests were carried out on the charge induction rule of sandstone samples under uniaxial compression failure under load, and underground monitoring tests were carried out. The relationship between charge induction, stress drop and crack growth of sandstone samples under different loading rates and the charge induction characteristics in the area affected by abutment pressure of advanced working face were analyzed in detail. The research shows that: the formation, development and propagation of cracks are accompanied by charge induction signals during the process of loading failure, and the generation of precursor charge signals is earlier than the stress drop caused by loading failure. Under the loading rates of 0.005 mm/s, 0.015 mm/s and 0.020 mm/s, the law of charge signal in the failure process of rock samples varies with the loading rate. The higher the loading rate is, the richer the charge signal is, and the precursory charge signal appears more early. Field monitoring found that the maximum value of the average induced charge at each measuring point was located in the influence area of the advanced abutment pressure, and the average induced charge was consistent with the distribution trend of the advanced abutment pressure on the working face.