China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.
National EnergyTechnology & Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control

针对我国煤炭资源清洁高效分质利用的现实问题,研究煤中矿物质的地球化学特征和转化行为可在煤炭清洁高效利用中提高矿物质的脱除率及煤基质的有效转化率。从地球化学角度阐述煤中矿物质的定义、成因、组合分布、赋存特征、含量丰度及矿物质间的关系,总结目前探究煤中矿物质理、化性质所需的技术手段,从显微镜成像对其空间结构的表征到质谱、光谱、能谱结合进行定性和定量表征,并归纳具体检测手段的优缺点。针对煤中矿物质的热演化研究,从地质角度讨论煤中矿物质赋存富集的控制因素,概括陆源碎屑物质、沉积环境、成煤植物、岩浆热液活动、地下水活动、风化作用对煤中矿物质聚集的影响。不同成因的矿物质在煤炭不同的利用热演化过程中迁移转化也不尽相同,重点归纳煤炭燃烧、气化、液化、焦化过程中矿物质的热迁变特征,并从地球化学角度解读煤中矿物质的地球化学特征对其热演化过程中的演变规律。从地球化学角度出发,提出针对煤中矿物质的嵌布特征、解离特性的地质控制研究和矿物质脱除效果与成煤环境因素的关系尚有具体和细化的空间。通过煤剖面的地球化学信息划分地质影响作用,结合煤炭利用过程中矿物质的嵌布类型与解离特性的研究揭示控制矿物质脱除效果的地质因素具有探索性。随着煤中矿物质潜在资源特性的日益突出,煤中纳米矿物表现出的特殊性质,可将其作为研究煤地质学和煤地球化学的良好载体。

In view of the practical problems of clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in China, studying the geochemical characteristics and transformation behavior of minerals in coal can improve the removal rate of minerals and the effective conversion rate of coal matrix in clean and efficient utilization of coal. From the perspective of geo chemistry, the definition, genesis, combination distribution, occurrence characteristics, content abundance and re lationship between minerals in coal are expounded. The technical means needed to explore the physical and chemical properties of minerals in coal are summarized. From the characterization of spatial structure by microscope imaging to the qualitative and quantitative characterization of mass spectrometry, spectrum and energy spectrum, the advantages and disadvantages of specific detection methods are summarized. Based on the study of the thermal evolution of miner als in coal, the controlling factors of the occurrence and enrichment of minerals in coal are discussed from the geolog ical point of view, and the effects of terrigenous clastic materials, sedimentary environment, coal-forming plants, magmatic hydrothermal activities, groundwater activities and weathering on the accumulation of minerals in coal are summarized. The migration and transformation of minerals with different genesis in different thermal evolution proces ses of coal are also different. The thermal migration characteristics of minerals in coal combustion, gasification, liq uefaction and coking are summarized, and the geochemical characteristics of minerals in coal are interpreted from the perspective of geochemistry. From the perspective of geochemistry, it is proposed that there is still specific and de tailed space for the study of geological control of the dissemination characteristics and dissociation characteristics of minerals in coal and the relationship between mineral removal effect and coalforming environmental factors. Based on the geochemical information of coal profiles, the geological effects are divided. Combined with the study of the dis semination types and dissociation characteristics of minerals in the process of coal utilization, it is revealed that the geological factors controlling the removal effect of minerals are exploratory. With the increasingly prominent character istics of potential mineral resources in coal, the special properties of nanominerals in coal can be used as a good me dium for studying coal geology and coal geochemistry.

煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司新产品新工艺开发基金资助项目(2022CG-MH-01)

杨承伟.煤中矿物质的地球化学特征研究进展[J].煤质技术,2024,39(2):1-20.

YANG Chengwei. Research progress on geochemical characteristics of minerals in coal[J].Coal Quality Technology,2024, 39 (2): 1-20.