China Coal Research Institute
Henan Dayou Energy Co. , Ltd.
Ordos Haohua Hongqingliang Mining Co. , Ltd.

大型断层活化会导致煤矿冲击地压灾害频发,保证开采工作面与断层的充分距离是防治此类冲击地压的关键手段之一。以义马矿区大型逆冲断层为例,基于钻孔探测和沉陷观测,分析了断层空间形态、断层运动特征及其与冲击地压的关联性,基于矿区开采下的冲击显现归纳与断层滑移模拟,提出了冲击次数与断层距离呈反比例的关系,得到避免断层滑移的工作面-断层安全距离,制定了逆冲断层条件下的井间工作面接续方案,微震监测评估了防冲效果。研究结果表明,断层对浅部的水平应力环境起主导作用,断层滑移错动过程中上盘地表抬升程度高于下盘,断层错动诱发了工作面冲击显现。工作面距离断层越近,断层运动越明显,冲击显现频次和能量越高,避免断层活化的工作面-断层最小安全距离为455m。相较于近断层工作面开采,跃进-常村井间区域的远断层工作面开采使断层活化次数、冲击显现程度和微震能量显著降低。研究结果为大型断层条件下冲击地压控制技术提供理论基础。

The activation of large faults leads to frequent occurrence of coal bump disasters in coal mine. Ensuring sufficient distance between the mining face and fault is one of the key measures to control such coal bump disasters. Taking the large thrust fault in Yima mining area as an example, we analyzed the spatial shape and movement characteristics of the fault and their correlation with coal bump based on geological borehole detection and settlement observation. According to the induction of coal bump behavior and similarity simulation of fault slip, the number of coal bump was negatively related to the distance of face-fault, and the safe distance between the working face and the fault to avoid fault slip was obtained. The mining face supersedure scheme under thrust fault conditions was formulated, and the coal bump prevention effect was evaluated with microseismic monitoring. The results show that the fault plays a dominant role in the horizontal stress environment of the shallow part, and the surface uplift of the hanging wall of the fault is higher than that of the footwall during the fault slip which induces the coal bump in the mining face. The closer the face is to the fault, the more obvious the fault movement is, the higher the frequency and energy of coal bump behavior; and the minimum safe distance between the working face and the fault to avoid fault activation is m. Compared with the mining face near the fault, it significantly reduces the fault activation frequency, coal bump degree and microseismic energy during mining of far-fault face in the area of Yuejin and Changcun Coal Mine. The results provide a theoretical basis for the control technology of coal bump under the condition of large faults.

国家自然科学基金重点项目(52034009);中国煤炭科工集团产学研科技合作项目(2020-2-TD-CXY005)

李一哲,张宁博,王寅,等.义马矿区大型逆冲断层防冲方法研究[J].煤炭工程,2024,56(4):73-78.