湖泊底泥作为固体废弃物可通过燃烧进行无害化处置，灰熔融温度是影响锅炉结焦、制约其安全稳定运行的重要因素，确定湖泊底泥与煤掺混后的灰熔融温度对于实现湖泊底泥资源化利用具有重要意义。以云南小龙潭褐煤和滇池底泥为研究对象，滇池底泥是一种含氮高且重金属元素富集的高水分固体废弃物，云南滇池底泥留存量大，主要是由大量泥沙随着河水、雨水进入滇池所产生的，是滇池的主要污染来源；而小龙潭褐煤存在产量大、煤质差、运输成本高等问题，严重影响了它的使用率。若能因地制宜，通过掺混燃烧解决当地底泥产量大、处理困难且不够高效等问题，则除了可以实现褐煤的高效利用外，还可以缓解当地的处置压力，但目前基本没有对褐煤与底泥掺烧的相关研究，因此，研究意义显著。通过灰熔融特性实验，确定了5%～15%掺混比例下灰的变形、软化、半球和流动温度，确定了灰熔点变化规律。通过XRD、XRF和SEM-EDS检测分析获得了矿物质成分、氧化物以及元素组成，确认了灰中晶体结构及矿物组成并进行热化学计算构建三元相图。结果表明，当掺混5%底泥时，灰熔融特性温度出现陡降，而后下降趋势趋于平缓，酸碱比和硅铝比与下降趋势呈正相关，Fe⁺²、Fe⁺³和Ca⁺²的氧化物对于灰熔点降低起到主要作用，这些氧化物易与难熔矿物反应形成钙长石、钙铁辉石等助熔矿物质。在低温阶段主要起到促进熔融作用的是Ca氧化物，到高温阶段Fe氧化物发生作用。

Lake sediment, as a solid waste, can be disposed harmlessly through combustion. The ash melting temperature is an important factor affecting boiler coking and restricting its safe and stable operation. Determining the ash melting temperature after mixing lake sediment with coal is of great significance for achieving the resource utilization of lake sediment. This paper takes the Yunnan Xiaolongtan lignite and the Dianchi Lake sediment as the research objects. The Dianchi Lake sediment is a high moisture solid waste with high nitrogen content and rich heavy metal elements. The Yunnan Dianchi Lake sediment has a large residual stock, mainly generated by a large amount of sediment entering the Dianchi Lake with river water and rainwater. It is the main source of pollution in the Dianchi Lake. However, the Xiaolongtan lignite has problems such as high production, poor coal quality, and high transportation costs, which seriously affect its utilization rate, if the local conditions can be adapted and the problems of high production, difficult treatment, and insufficient efficiency of local sediment can be solved through mixed combustion, in addition to achieving an efficient utilization of lignite, it can also alleviate the local disposal pressure. However, there is currently little research on the blending of lignite with sediment. Through experiments on the ash melting characteristics, the deformation, softening, hemisphere, and flow temperature of ash at a 5%−15% mixing ratio were determined, and the variation law of ash melting point was derived. The mineral composition, oxide, and elemental composition were obtained through XRD, XRF, and SEM-EDS detection and analysis. The crystal structure and mineral composition in the ash were confirmed, and a ternary phase diagram was constructed for thermochemical calculations. The results show that when 5% sediment is mixed, the melting temperature of the ash decreases sharply, and then the downward trend tends to be gentle. The acid-base ratio and silicon aluminum ratio are positively correlated with the downward trend. The oxides of Fe⁺², Fe⁺³, and Ca⁺² play a main role in reducing the melting point of the ash, and these oxides are prone to react with refractory minerals to form fluxing minerals such as anorthite and calcium iron pyroxene. During the low temperature stage, Ca oxides mainly promote melting, while during the high temperature stage, Fe oxides act.