断层滑移型冲击地压是煤矿冲击地压的主要类型，目前对其发生全过程缺乏系统研究，其机理与防控仍是根本难题。为实现断层滑移型冲击地压的试验模拟，研制了煤矿巷道断层滑移型冲击地压试验系统，开发了低强高脆相似模拟材料，制备了包含断层与巷道的大尺寸相似模型，开展了一系列验证试验，实现了巷道冲击破坏模拟与断层剪切滑移模拟。煤矿巷道断层滑移型冲击地压试验系统具备三向六面加载功能，竖向加载能力为20 MPa，模型尺寸为1.50 m×0.75 m×0.75 m；主体框架创新采用键板连接，确保了主体框架的高刚度；发明了蜂窝加载壳结构，实现了密集油缸群加载，能够满足断层滑移型冲击地压试验模拟的要求。开发了适用于断层滑移型冲击地压模拟的相似材料，材料以水玻璃为胶结物、以氟硅酸钠为固化剂、以滑石粉为骨料，单轴抗压强度介于3.44～7.81 MPa，冲击能指数为9.2，弹性能指数为8.83，兼具低强高脆特性。基于试验系统和低强高脆材料实现了静载巷道冲击破坏模拟，验证了低强高脆相似材料模拟巷道冲击破坏的可行性，获得了巷道极限平衡状态的加载条件，巷道帮部连续片落为巷道冲击破坏的显著前兆特征。实现了粗糙锯齿断层的剪切滑移模拟，证实粗糙断层剪切滑移会对巷道形成动载扰动，获得了断层剪切滑移的合理加载方式，采用动区顶部先加载、底部后卸载的方式能够实现断层的瞬间滑移，并能消除对静区应力状态的影响。

Fault-slip rockbursts are a major type of rockbursts in coal mine roadways, posing great hazards. Currently, there is a lack of systematic research on the entire process of fault-slip rockbursts, and prediction and prevention remain fundamental challenges. To achieve experimental simulation of fault-slip rockbursts, a testing system was developed, along with the development of low-strength high-brittleness similar simulation materials. A large-scale similar model containing faults and roadways was prepared, and a series of verification experiments were conducted, realizing the simulation of roadway shock failure and fault shear slip. The testing system is equipped with a triaxial six-face loading function, with a vertical loading capacity of 20 MPa and a model size of 1.50 m×0.75 m×0.75 m. The main frame innovatively adopts a key plate connection, ensuring high rigidity of the main frame. A honeycomb loading shell structure was invented, achieving oil cylinder group loading, which can meet the requirements of fault-slip rockburst simulation. A similar material suitable for fault-slip rockburst simulation was developed, which uses water glass as the binder, sodium fluosilicate as the curing agent, and talcum powder as the aggregate. The similar material has characteristics of both low strength and high brittleness, with a uniaxial compressive strength ranging from 3.44 to 7.81 MPa, an impact energy index of 9.2, and an elastic energy index of 8.83. Based on the test system and low-strength and high-brittleness materials, the bursting failure simulation of roadway under static load was realized, and the feasibility of simulating bursting failure of roadway using low-strength and high-brittleness materials was verified. The loading conditions of the critical equilibrium state of the roadway were obtained, with the continuous shedding of the roadway's side as a significant precursor characteristic of roadway damage. The shear slip of rough serrated faults was realized, confirming that the shear slip of rough faults would cause significant dynamic load disturbances to the roadway, obtaining a reasonable loading method for fault slip. The method of loading the top of the dynamic zone first and unloading the bottom later can achieve instantaneous slip of the fault and eliminate the influence on the static zone stress state.