非均厚特厚煤层开采会显著影响采场顶板破断结构形式，进而对工作面矿压显现造成极大影响。为了揭示甘肃某矿深部特厚煤层开采顶板大能量事件发生机理，采用数值模拟、物理模拟、钻孔探测及内部岩移监测方法，研究了非均厚特厚煤层开采顶板破断结构形式及致灾机制。结果表明：40 m累计采厚区域的裂隙发育高度远大于20 m采厚区域，导致后者上方易形成高位组合悬臂板结构，确定该结构破断运动是造成顶板灾害发生的主要原因，并得到了模拟结果的验证。根据4个地面钻孔钻进过程中的冲洗液漏失及掉钻情况，发现首采4 m厚油页岩解放层的裂隙发育高度仅为75 m，位于亚关键层2底界；煤二层20，40 m采厚区域的裂隙发育高度分别为289，504 m，大致位于亚关键层4和主关键层底界，揭示了不同采厚区域顶板采动裂隙发育差异，进一步证实了高位组合悬臂板结构的客观存在。结合ZY1地面钻孔内部岩移光纤断点高度变化与大能量事件之间的关联，明确了高位组合悬臂板破断结构运动引发采场强矿压显现的致灾机制。研究结果可为类似非均厚煤层赋存或特厚煤层分层开采条件下的工作面安全高效生产提供参考。

The mining of non-uniform and extra-thick coal seams significantly affects the roof breaking structure in the mining field, which greatly impacts the mining pressure behavior in the working face. To reveal the mechanism behind the occurrence of large-energy events in the roof during the mining of extra-thick coal seams at a deep mine in Gansu Province, numerical simulation, physical simulation, borehole detection, and internal rock movement monitoring were used to investigate the roof breaking structure and disaster-inducing mechanism in the mining of non-uniform and extra-thick coal seams. The results showed that the fracture development height in the 40 m cumulative mining thickness area was much greater than that in the 20 m mining thickness area, leading to the formation of high-position combination cantilever plate structure above the 20 m mining thickness area. It was determined that the breaking movement of the structure was the main cause of roof disasters, and this was validated by the simulation results. Based on the flushing fluid leakage and drill falling during the drilling process of four ground boreholes, it was found that the fracture development height of the first mined 4 m thick oil shale liberated seam was only 75 m, located at the bottom boundary of subordinate key stratum 2. The fracture development heights in the 20 m and 40 m mining thickness areas of the second coal seam were 289 m and 504 m, respectively, approximately located at the bottom boundary of sub-key stratum 4 and the main key stratum, revealing the differences in roof fracture development in different mining thickness areas and further confirming the objective existence of the high-position combination cantilever plate structure. By correlating the changes in the internal rock movement optical fiber measurements with large-energy events in the ZY1 ground borehole, the disaster-inducing mechanism, whereby the movement of high-position combination cantilever plate structures triggered strong mining pressure manifestation, was clarified. The research results provide reference for safe and efficient production in working faces under similar conditions of non-uniform coal seam distribution or stratified mining of extra-thick coal seam.