School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology
Xi′an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Environmental Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology
Key Laboratoryof Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi′an University of Architecture andTechnology
Xi′an Capital Water Company Limited

目前,污水厂多采用生物处理工艺降解去除污染物,降解过程既消耗能源又不利于资源回收,并产生温室气体。为此,本研究开发了一种全物化的造粒流化床-流动电极电容去离子(FPB-FCDI)耦合工艺。该工艺将污染物从污水中分离而不是将其降解,不仅可以获得良好的出水水质,降低污水处理过程中的碳排放量,还可以将分离后的高浓度污染物用于碳氮资源回收。实验结果表明,FPB系统中化学需氧量(COD)和总磷(TP)的去除率分别达到了70.71%和84.64%,FCDI系统中氨氮(-N)去除率高达98.50%。FPB-FCDI耦合工艺系统出水的COD、TP、-N浓度分别为(13.43±1.24)(0.16±0.03)(0.29±0.08)mg/L,达到地表Ⅳ类水质标准。此外,由于FPB系统去除了大部分粒径在0.45~6.00μm的非溶解态或胶体态COD,降低了此类COD对后续FCDI系统的潜在影响,从而使FCDI系统的脱氮电流效率从15.33%升至17.33%,比能耗从11.65(kW·h)/kg降低至10.31(kW·h)/kg,充分发挥出FPB-FCDI耦合工艺的协同作用。同时,FPB-FCDI耦合工艺能够减少温室气体产生,回收潜在资源,使处理过程低碳化,工艺运行过程中产生的能耗折算碳排放量为0.42kgCO2/m3,是传统生物处理过程的53.83%,若利用厌氧消化回收FPB系统分离碳源产生的电能,还可以进一步减少0.19kgCO2/m3碳排放量。FPB-FCDI耦合工艺的运行成本为0.42元/m3,仅为传统生活污水处理工艺运行成本的1/4~1/2。本研究探索了一种低碳、高效的污水处理新技术,该技术将为下一代绿色、低碳污水处理工艺的开发提供一种新思路。

Currently, wastewater treatment plants predominantly use biological processes to degradeand remove pollutants. These processes consume energy, hinder resource recovery, and generatesubstantial greenhouse gas emissions. To address these issues, we developed a fully materializedprocess that couples the fluidized pellet bed (FPB) with the flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI) system. This process separates pollutants from wastewater rather than degrading them, resultingin good effluent quality and reduced carbon emissions from the wastewater treatment process. It alsoallows the separated high concentration of pollutants to be used for carbon and nitrogen resourcerecovery. The results showed that the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and totalphosphorus (TP) in the FPB system were 70.71% and 84.64%, respectively. The removal rate ofammonia nitrogen (-N) in the FCDI system was 98.50%. The final effluent concentrations of COD,TP, and -N in the FPB-FCDI coupled process system were (13.43 ± 1.24), (0.16 ± 0.03), and(0.29 ± 0.08) mg/L, respectively, meeting Class Ⅳ surface water quality standards in China.Additionally, the FPB system effectively removed most non-dissolved or colloidal COD particles(0.45 - 6.00 μm). This reduced the potential impact of this COD on the downstream FCDI system.Consequently, this resulted in an enhancement of the nitrogen removal current efficiency in the FCDIsystem from 15.33% to 17.33% and a decrease in specific energy from 11.65 (kW·h)/kg to 10.31(kW·h)/kg, demonstrating the full potential of the synergistic effects of the FPB-FCDI coupled process.In addition, the process exhibited a low-carbon characteristics, with the operational procedure capableof reducing greenhouse gas production and recovering potential resources, thereby facilitating thedecarbonization. The energy utilization in the process was converted to carbon emissions, amounting to0.42 kg CO/m, which was 53.83% of that in traditional biological treatment process. It is estimatedthat a further reduction of 0.19 kg CO/m could be achieved by recovering electricity from theseparated carbon sources of the FPB system using anaerobic digestion. The operating cost of the FPB-FCDI coupled process system was 0.42 RMB/m, which was only one-quarter to one-half of theoperating cost of the traditional domestic wastewater treatment process. Therefore, the study explores anovel low-carbon and high-efficiency wastewater treatment technology, providing a new approach fordeveloping the next-generation of green, high-efficiency, and low-carbon wastewater treatmentprocesses.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52070149);陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2023-YBNY-269);陕西省国际科技合作重点资助项目(2024GH-ZDXM-04)

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LUO Dingkun, TONG Peipei, LI Zhihua, et al. Achieving High-Quality Effluent and Low-Carbon Emissionthrough Coupling Fluidized Pellet Bed and Capacitive Deionization[J]. Energy Environmental Protection,2025, 39(1): 173−180.