矿井微震监测技术通过捕捉岩层内部结构在受力变形及破坏过程中产生的低频振动信号，来反映岩层变形及破坏情况，从而实现突水预警和地质灾害预测。其中，声源定位技术是关键环节，能够确定能量释放位置，预警潜在的灾害。目前，时差法用于声源定位存在算法复杂、定位精度受探头布置影响显著，以及对复杂地层结构适应性较差等问题。针对不同地层结构，基于有限元法，模拟弹性波在地层中的传播，考虑不同地层界面的透射、反射和衍射效应，研究了不同反演模型及探头布置方式对定位精度的影响。

研究结果表明：点声源控制模型能较好地模拟弹性波在岩石中的传播，而正交探头布置方式在声源定位中表现更佳。在平面均质材料中，相较于双三角探头簇，单正方形探头簇定位误差降低了0.6%，双正方形探头簇提高了1.69%的精度；在平面层状结构中，双三角形探头簇采用透射反演法相比均速反演法精度提升15%，双正方形探头簇则提升了14.9%；在三维层状结构中，直角四面体探头簇的透射反演法精度提高了14.5%。总体而言，反演模型对定位精度的影响更为显著，提出的数值模拟方法能够通过时差法透射反演实现高精度、快速的声源定位。研究结果为矿井微震与微震监测预警系统的优化提供了重要参考。

Microseismic monitoring technology for mines can reflect the deformations and failure of rock layers by capturing low-frequency vibration signals their internal structure generated during the stress-induced deformation and failure of them. Accordingly, water inrush warnings and geologic hazard prediction can be achieved. Acoustic source localization, allowing for the localization of energy release and the early warning of potential hazards, plays a key role in this technology. Presently, when used for acoustic source localization, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method is facing issues including high algorithmic complexity, significant impacts of probe arrangement on the localization accuracy, and low adaptability to complex stratigraphic structures. Using the finite element method, this study simulated the elastic wave propagation in various stratigraphic structures. Considering the transmission, reflection, and diffraction effects at various stratigraphic boundaries, this study investigated the impacts of various inversion models and probe arrangements on the localization accuracy.

The results indicate that the point source control models can effectively simulate the elastic wave propagation in rocks, with the orthogonal probe arrangement delivering superior performance in the acoustic source localization. In planar homogeneous materials, compared to the probe sets arranged in double triangles, the probe sets arranged in a single square exhibited a decrease of 0.6% in the localization error, while probe sets arranged in double squares displayed an increase of 1.69% in the localization accuracy. In a planar layered structure, compared to uniform velocity inversion, the transmission inversion increased the localization accuracy by 15% in the case of probe sets with a double triangle arrangement and by 14.9% for a probe set with a double square arrangement. In a three-dimensional layered structure, compared to uniform velocity inversion, the transmission inversion increased the localization accuracy by 14.5% in the case of the probe set arranged in a trirectangular tetrahedron. Overall, the inversion method produces more significant impacts on the localization accuracy than the probe arrangement, and the proposed numerical method enables high-accuracy, rapid acoustic source localization using the TDOA method and transmission inversion. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for optimizing microseismic monitoring and early warning systems for mines.