以南梁煤矿3-1煤层生产地质条件为工程背景，运用现场监测和物理相似模拟相结合的研究方法，研究了工作面回采以后煤柱上方基本顶岩梁破断结构以及留设不同尺寸区段煤柱时的压力分布规律，分析煤柱的稳定性，从而得到最优煤柱宽度。研究结果表明，当煤柱宽度从15 m优化至9 m的过程中，煤柱及其上覆岩层未发生明显变形，煤柱稳定性较好。当煤柱宽度为8 m时，区段煤柱不足以支撑上覆岩层载荷作用而被压碎，顶板结构发生明显改变。煤柱应力分布由“双驼峰状”向“单驼峰状”转变。现场监测结果表明，区段煤柱优化后围岩稳定性较优化前未发生明显改变，稳定性较好。

 Taking the production geological conditions of 3-1 coal seam in Nanliang Coal Mine as the engineering background, the broken structure of the basic top rock beam above the coal pillar after the mining face and the pressure distribution law when the coal pillar is left in different sizes was studied, the stability of the coal pillar was analyzed , and the optimal width of the coal pillar was obtained. The results showed that when the width of the coal pillar was optimized from 15m to 9m, there was no obvious deformation of the coal pillar and its overlying strata, and the stability was good. When the coal pillar width was 8m, the coal pillar was not enough to support the overlying rock load and was crushed, and the roof structure changed obviously. The stress distribution of coal pillar changed from "double hump" to "single hump". Field monitoring results showed that the stability of surrounding rock after coal pillar optimization had no obvious change compared with that before optimization, and the stability was good.