Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University
Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute
Wanhua Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.

可持续航空煤油(SAF)是航空领域脱碳的重要途经,生物质技术路径受限于原料限制难以实现规模化。电制可持续航煤(e-SAF)技术路径利用可再生能源发电制绿氢,再与CO2结合合成SAF,解决了原料限制的题。但受限于绿氢成本较高,缺乏经济可行性,一个关键的原因是当下e-SAF项目规划时并未考虑SAF合成侧的灵活性,可再生能源的波动性全部由制氢侧和储能承担,增加了制氢成本。为了研究SAF合成装置灵活性(包括调节周期和调节范围)对绿氢成本的影响,以可再生能源离网型制e-SAF系统为例,利用容量规划优化方法对比分析了不同e-SAF技术路径的技术经济性。根据SAF合成装置的灵活性特点,将e-SAF相关技术路径分为“一步合成法”和“两步合成法”,并对比分析了两类技术路径在灵活化工场景下的SAF成本。分析结果表明:SAF合成装置的灵活性对绿氢降本至关重要,当SAF合成装置的运行下限达到30%且调节周期达到7d时,相比完全不可调节的SAF场景,系统在并未增加额外储能的情况下大幅降低了弃电率,减少了对可再生能源装机的投入,使系统的绿氢成本下降了约45%。“两步合成法”通过易存储的液态中间产物将复杂的SAF合成过程解耦,不仅满足了e-SAF系统对SAF合成装置的灵活性要求,而且降低了SAF合成装置实现灵活运行的附加成本,进一步将绿氢成本降低了约5%。

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is an important way to decarbonize the aviation sector. However,the biomass technical pathis difficult to scale up due to the shortage of raw materials. The electric sustainable jet fuel (e-SAF) technical path uses renewable energyto produce green hydrogen,which is then combined with CO2 to synthesize SAF. This technology solves the problem of raw materials,butit is limited by the high cost of green hydrogen and the lack of economic feasibility. A key reason is that the flexibility of SAF synthesis isnot considered in the current e-SAF project planning. The volatility of renewable energy is entirely borne by the hydrogen production sideand energy storage,which increases the cost of hydrogen production. In order to study the effect of the flexibility of SAF synthesizers(including the period and range of regulation) on the cost of green hydrogen,taking the off-grid hydrogen production system for SAFas an example,the techno-economic characteristics of different e-SAF technical paths are compared by capacity planning optimizationmethod. According to the flexibility characteristics of SAF synthesis equipment,e-SAF related technical paths are divided into "one-step synthesis" and "two-step synthesis",and the SAF costs of the two kinds of technical paths in flexible chemical industry scenarios arecompared and analyzed. The analysis results show that the flexibility of the SAF synthesis device is very important for the cost reduction ofgreen hydrogen. When the lower operating limit of the SAF synthesis device reaches 30% and the regulation period reaches 7 days,thesystem significantly reduces the power curtailment rate without adding additional energy storage compared with the completelyunregulated SAF scenario. Thus,it reduces investment in renewable energy installations,leading to a 45% decrease in the cost of greenhydrogen. Besides,the "two-step synthesis method" decouples the complex SAF synthesis process through the easily stored liquidintermediate,which not only meets the flexibility requirements of the e-SAF system,but also reduces the additional cost of the SAFsynthesis device for flexible operations,which further reduces the cost of green hydrogen by about 5%.

国家自然科学基金(U22A20220);大规模风光发电制-储-用氢柔性系统研究

沙廉栋,林今,余志鹏,等.从绿氢到可持续航空煤油:化工灵活性对技术经济性的影响[J].洁净煤技术,2025,31(3):137−146.

SHA Liandong,LIN Jin,YU Zhipeng,et al. From green hydrogen to sustainable aviation fuel: Impact of chemicalflexibility on technical economics[J].Clean Coal Technology,2025,31(3):137−146.