College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology
State Key Laboratory of Chemical ResourceEngineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Shenzhen Hingear Energy Co.,Ltd.

氢能以其高能量密度、可再生性和环境友好性,被视为未来能源体系的重要组成部分。电解水制氢技术作为氢气生产的一种主要途径,其核心在于通过电化学过程将水分解为氢气和氧气。相较于传统的化石燃料重整方法,电解水制氢具有无碳排放、产出氢气纯度高等优势。但当前发展较为成熟的几种电解路径均高度依赖超纯水,导致制氢成本高昂,且在规模化生产后无疑会挤占稀缺的淡水资源。近年来逐步得到发展的海水电解制氢路线是一种以海水为原料,无需反渗透、多次过滤等操作,直接电解海水产氢的技术手段,有望解决传统电解路线在海水电解中所面临的挑战。然而,海水中的氯离子会加速电极材料的腐蚀,同时还会引起氯气析出反应与氧气析出反应的竞争,这种竞争在增加能耗的同时,产生的氯气也有可能造成安全隐患,危害人身财产安全。因此,电极材料应具备高催化活性、高选择性、高稳定性以及良好的耐腐蚀性。近年来,科研人员围绕这些方面进行了深入的探索,对实际海水电解过程中性能优异的电极材料进行了深入探究。文章从基础理论出发,探讨电解海水制氢的科学原理,评述不同电极材料的优势与局限,全面梳理和分析电解海水制氢中电极材料的最新研究进展,包括电极材料的设计合成、作用机制、性能评估以及面临的挑战并展望电极材料未来的发展方向。通过对现有文献的综合分析,旨在为研究人员和决策者提供一个全面的技术评估和决策参考。

Hydrogen energy,known for its high energy density,renewability and environmental friendliness,is considered an importantpart of the future energy system. Among the various hydrogen production technologies,water electrolysis stands out by utilizingelectrochemical processes to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Compared with traditional fossil fuel-based methods,water electrolysisachieves zero carbon emissions and yields hydrogen in exceptional purity. Nevertheless,most established electrolytic techniques dependheavily on ultrapure water,driving up production costs and posing risks to already limited freshwater resources in large-scale applications.Seawater electrolysis,a technique that directly uses seawater without requiring reverse osmosis or extensive filtration,has emerged as apromising alternative to overcome these limitations. However,the process faces significant challenges,such as electrode corrosion causedby chloride ions and the competing evolution of chlorine and oxygen. Therefore,electrode materials must exhibit superior catalyticactivity,selectivity,stability,and corrosion resistance. In recent years,researchers have focused on these aspects,offering detailed insightsinto the performance of electrode materials in the seawater electrolysis applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview ofrecent advancements in electrode materials for seawater electrolysis,including their design,mechanisms,performance,and challenges. Starting from the basic theories,the review discusses the scientific principles of seawater electrolysis,evaluates the advantages andlimitations of different electrode materials,and forecasts their future development directions. Through a comprehensive analysis of theexisting literature,this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers seeking an informed technicalperspective and strategic guidance.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4005100);崂山实验室自立科技创新资助项目(LSKJ202205700);深圳市科技计划资助项目(RCJC20231211090051085、KJZD20230923115759014);中国科协青年人才托举工程资助项目(2022QNRC001)

王泓乾,陈少杰,刘威,等.电解海水制氢电极研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2025,31(3):41−53.

WANG Hongqian,CHEN Shaojie,LIU Wei,et al. Recent development on electrodes for seawater electrolysis[J].CleanCoal Technology,2025,31(3):41−53.