New Energy System Engineering and Equipment Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center,Key Laboratory of Energy and ChemicalProcess Enhancement in Shaanxi Province,College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University
Hydrotransformer Co.,Ltd.
Shaanxi Province Normal Temperature and Pressure Liquid Hydrogen Storage TechnologyInnovation Consortium

在当前全球能源结构转型和实现碳中和目标的背景下,有效的能源储存技术成为关键。特别是对于太阳能、风能等清洁能源,储能技术的应用是实现其高效利用和稳定供应的核心。氢气作为一种具有高能量密度和清洁可再生特性的能源载体,受到了广泛关注。然而,氢气的稳定性差、易泄漏和燃爆风险等问题,限制了其在能源储存和运输领域的广泛应用。目前常用的储氢技术包括高压气态储氢、液态储氢和固态储氢等。其中,有机液态储氢(LiquidOrganicHydrogenCarriers,LOHC)技术因其能够长期、大规模且稳定地储存氢气,同时有效避免氢气扩散损失,受到了特别的关注。此外,LOHC技术还具有储存条件温和、可以利用现有基础设施进行运输等优点,使其在氢能储存和运输领域具有巨大的应用潜力。基于此,从有机液态储氢载体开发、加脱氢催化剂设计及产业化研究3个维度,对LOHC技术进行了系统综述,阐述了该技术的最新研究动态。首先,针对有机液态储氢载体的研究进展,详细介绍了常见储氢载体的物理化学性质、加脱氢反应需求及其优势与局限性,并对近年来新提出的储氢体系进行了探讨,包括酰胺类和酯类储氢系统。其次,关于加脱氢催化剂的研究进展,探讨了这一领域新的研究方向。针对加脱氢反应催化剂的设计与开发,研究提出了更加多样化的新思路,例如利用粗氢、湿氢等作为氢源的加氢反应催化剂的设计;提出优化使用的储氢载体和实施反应级联等方法,以解决脱氢反应条件严苛及放氢速率缓慢的问题。再次,对产业化方面的研究进行了综述,包括经济性分析、反应器设计和工艺优化等。经济性分析表明:对于高氢需求和长距离运输,LOHC技术相较于目前最常用的高压气态储氢具有显著的经济优势。在工艺优化方面,研究提出了微波辐射、混合储氢载体等方法,以增强LOHC加脱氢反应中的传热传质效果。最后,对各研究方向的进展进行了总结,并对LOHC技术未来的发展与应用进行展望,以期通过全面讨论推动有机液体储氢技术的发展。

In the context of the current global energy structure transformation and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,effectiveenergy storage technology has become critical. Particularly for clean energy sources such as solar and wind power, the application ofenergy storage technology is the core for their efficient utilization and stable supply. Hydrogen,as a kind of energy carrier with high energy density and clean,renewable characteristics,has received extensive attention. However,issues such as the poor stability of hydrogen,itstendency to leak,and the risk of combustion and explosion have limited its widespread application in energy storage and transportation.To address these challenges,researchers have proposed various hydrogen storage technologies,including high-pressure gaseous hydrogenstorage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage, among others. Among these, Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers(LOHC) technology has garnered particular interest due to its ability to store hydrogen long-term,on a large scale,and stably,whileeffectively avoiding hydrogen diffusion losses. Additionally,LOHC technology offers advantages such as mild storage conditions and theutilization of existing infrastructure for transportation,endowing it with significant potential in the field of hydrogen energy storage andtransportation. Based on this, this paper systematically reviews LOHC technology from three dimensions: the development of liquidorganic hydrogen carriers,the design of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysts,and industrialization research,elaborating on thelatest research trends in this technology. Firstly,regarding the research progress of liquid organic hydrogen carriers,this paper introducesin detail the physical and chemical properties of common liquid organic hydrogen carriers, the requirements of hydrogenation anddehydrogenation reactions,as well as their advantages and limitations,and discusses newly proposed hydrogen storage systems in recentyears, including amide and ester hydrogen storage systems. Secondly, concerning the research progress in hydrogenation anddehydrogenation catalysts,this paper explores new research directions in this field. Researchers have proposed more diversified new ideasfor the design and development of catalysts for hydrogenation reactions using crude hydrogen,wet hydrogen,and other hydrogen sources;suggestions for optimizing the use of liquid organic hydrogen carriers and implementing reaction cascades have been made to address thestringent conditions of dehydrogenation reactions and the slow rate of hydrogen release. Furthermore,this paper reviews the research onindustrialization, including economic analysis, reactor design, and process optimization. Economic analysis indicates that LOHCtechnology has significant economic advantages over the currently most commonly used high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage for highhydrogen demand and long-distance transportation. In terms of process optimization, researchers have proposed methods such asmicrowave radiation and mixed liquid organic hydrogen carriers to enhance the heat and mass transfer effects in LOHC hydrogenationand dehydrogenation reactions. Finally, this paper will summarize the progress in each research direction and outlook on the futuredevelopment and application of LOHC technology, with the aim of promoting the advancement of liquid organic hydrogen carrierstechnology through comprehensive discussion.

陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2024CY2-GJHX-14);陕西省青年科技新星资助项目(2024ZC-KJXX-073);咸阳市重大科技成果转化落地专项资助项目(L2023-ZDKJ-QCY-CGLD-GY-007)

路书涵,龚翔,王斌,等.有机液态储氢技术研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2024,30(12):118−133.

LU Shuhan, GONG Xiang, WANG Bin, et al. Research progress about liquid organic hydrogen carriers technology[J].Clean Coal Technology,2024,30(12):118−133.