煤矿开采中，人工爆破、顶板垮断等震源激发应力波易诱发断层失稳并导致冲击地压等灾害。

以河南义马矿区F16逆冲断层为研究对象，通过开展断层动光弹实验、数值模拟实验和理论分析，对应力波在断裂结构中的传播规律和应力波作用下断层摩擦能演化特征进行了研究，探讨了震源位置及能量对逆冲断层滑移的扰动规律，阐释了应力波扰动下逆冲断层失稳机理和失稳类型。

研究结果表明：(1)应力波传播会被断层阻隔，并造成断层活化加剧、摩擦能迅速增大。(2)震源应力波能量增大可加强断层自锁效应，当能量超过一定阈值时断层才会解锁。(3)应力波自上至下分区扰动断层并造成断层滑移，其滑移模式受初始应力状态和应力波扰动强度影响。(4)初始高水平静载和强应力波扰动是断层失稳的必要条件。研究成果对断层型灾害防控技术发展具有重要的指导意义。

The seismic sources, such as roof collapse and artificial blasting, in coal mining may induce stress waves, which will cause the surrounding faults lose its stability and thus cause the dynamic disasters such as rockbursts etc.

The propagation law of stress waves in the fracture structure and the evolution characteristics of friction energy under the action of stress waves were studied through dynamic photoelastic experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis based on the thrust fault F16 in Henan Yima mining area. Meanwhile, the disturbance law of the location of seismic source and energy to the slip of thrust fault was discussed, and the mechanism and type of thrust fault slip under the disturbance of stress waves were elaborated. [Results and Conclusions] The results show that: (1) The propagation of stress waves will be blocked by fault, which will lead to the intensification of fault activation and the rapid rise of friction energy. (2) The increase of source stress wave energy can strengthen the self-locking effect of fault, and the fault will be unblocked when the energy exceeds a certain threshold. (3) The stress waves will disturb the fault by area from top to bottom, thereby resulting in fault slip, and the slip model of a fault is influenced by its initial stress state and the disturbance intensity of stress waves. (4) High initial static stress and strong disturbance of stress waves are the necessary conditions for fault slips. Generally, the research results have important guiding significance for the development of fault disaster prevention and control technology.