低碳、零减排与提效是当今煤炭清洁利用的主题，煤中矿物质的结渣与污染性是制约洁净煤工艺的瓶颈。为揭示其瓶颈背后的科学问题，重新定义了有害矿物质，查阅大量国内外期刊、论著及标准文献，回顾了煤中矿物质及微量元素的研究现状，梳理有害矿物质类型、元素的赋存形式，介绍亲石元素及其矿物的结渣特性和亲硫亲铁元素及其矿物的污染性，提出了工业与环境有害元素及其矿物的分类，其有害性取决于元素及其矿物的赋存状态。分析了煤中矿物质赋存与富集分异特性，归纳了有害矿物质的成因类型，探讨了煤中矿物质热迁变的煤阶、矿物质结合方式、元素的地球化学亲和性、矿物质成分和反应温度、反应气氛、反应压力、灰中其他成分等地质与工艺影响因素，综述了煤中有害矿物质在气化、液化、热解炼焦以及燃烧过程中的迁移转化机制机理，揭示了气化、液化、热解和燃烧过程中微量元素的不同挥发程度。最后提出了目前存在的无定形矿物质、仪器精确定量、快速高温、碱性元素与硅元素相互作用、预测结渣出入、地质与工艺耦合和洁净度等主要科学、技术与工程问题，展望未来发展，应关注原煤非晶的类矿物和热熔融态无定形物的基础研究，关注同位数等示踪技术在热工艺的应用，建议大力发展洁净煤有害矿物质脱除与稀有元素提取的研发，促进洁净煤技术发展。

Low-carbon, zero-emission, and efficiency enhancement are the main themes of clean coal utilization today. The slagging and pollution caused by mineral matter in coal are key bottlenecks in clean coal technologies. To uncover the scientific challenges behind these issues, this study redefines hazardous mineral matter and extensively reviews relevant domestic and international literature, including journals, books, and standards. This paper summarizes the research status of mineral matter and trace elements in coal, categorizing hazardous mineral matter and elements based on their occurrence states. The slagging characteristics of lithophile elements and their minerals, as well as the pollution properties of chalcophile and siderophile elements and their associated minerals, are introduced. A classification of industrial and environmental hazardous elements and their minerals is proposed, with their harmfulness depending on the occurrence mode of the elements and their minerals. The occurrence and enrichment differentiation characteristics of mineral matter in coal are analyzed, generalizing the genesis types of hazardous mineral matter, and exploring the various geological and technological impact factors on the thermal transformation of coal mineral matter, including coal rank, mineral bonding modes, the geochemical affinity of elements, mineral composition, reactive temperature, reactive atmosphere, reactive pressure, and the presence of other components in ash etc. factors. The migrative and transformative mechanism of harmful mineral matter in coal during gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis, coking and combustion were reviewed, and different volatilization degrees of trace elements during gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and combustion were revealed. Finally, scientific, technique and engineering problems such as amorphous minerals, precise quantification, high-temperature rapid analysis, interactions between alkaline elements and silica elements, slag prediction, geological and technological coupling, and clean degree are put forward. Looking forward to future growth, the basic research of non-crystalline mineraloid in raw coals and molten amorphous substances during thermal technology. The application of tracer isotope techniques in thermal processes should be paid attention to. It is suggested that hazardous mineral matter removal and rare element extraction would be strived to develop for advancing clean coal technologies.