Department of Geological Engineering, Chang’an University,Xi’an , China

针对当前我国现行规范中地震土压力计算方法属于静力学范畴,忽略了地震波的动力效应的现状,为进一步了解实际地震作用下挡土墙墙背土压力情况,按拟静力、拟动力、动力分析的思路总结了地震土压力计算方法的研究现状和进展,评述了拟静力法、拟动力法、弹性波法、数值法等各方法的优缺点,并指出各方法存在问题和今后发展趋势。结果表明:地震作用的复杂性,使得在地震土压力计算既要考虑静力因素,如:填土性质、墙背形式和地层分布;又要考虑动力因素,如:表面荷载和地震动特征。考虑因素的不同使得各方法存在一定局限性。目前对于不同地震土压力计算方法仍需解决4个方面问题:(1)对拟静力法,考虑填土参数和动力荷载的影响,提出合理地震参数。(2)考虑瑞利波影响,提出更加合理的拟动力法地震土压力计算公式。(3)提高弹性波法在大应变荷载下的适用性。(4)寻找合理的参数获取途径,提高数值法中弹塑性非线性本构模型模拟精度。

According to the seismic earth pressure calculation method applied in China present regulations was in a statics category, a dynamic effect of the seismic wave was ignored. In order to further understand the back earth pressure condition of the retaining wall under the actual seismic effect, based on the proposed static, proposed dynamic and dynamic analysis idea, the paper summarized the study status and progress of the seismic earth pressure calculation method, certainly including the proposed static method, proposed dynamic method, elastic wave method and numerical method. The advantage and disadvantage of each method was stated and the existed problem and late development tendency of each method was pointed out. The results showed that due to the complexity of the seismic effect, thus the seismic earth pressure calculation not only should consider the static factors, such as the backfilled earth property, back mode and strata distribution and should consider the dynamic factors, such as the surface loading and seismic activity features. The difference of the factor considered would make each method with a certain limit. There were four aspect problems to be solved for the calculation method of different seismic earth pressure. Firstly，the proposed static method should consider the backfilled earth parameters and the dynamic load influences and the rational seismic parameters should be provided. Secondly，to consider the influences of the Rayleigh wave, a more rational seismic earth pressure calculation formula of the proposed dynamic method should be provided. Thirdly，the suitability of the elastic wave method under the high strain load should be improved. Finally，an access to have numerical methods, rational parameters could improve the proposed accuracy of the elastic and nonlinear constitutive model in the numerical methods.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(41372327)；