深地资源开发是我国未来科技发展的重要方向。在分析煤矿千米深井围岩控制及智能开采技术现状和问题的基础上,围绕安全、高效开采这一主题,综合考虑巷道和采煤工作面相互影响,以合理加大工作面长度,实现生产集约化,降低掘进率、提高煤炭回收率为思路,提出要解决的关键科学问题与技术构想。关键科学问题有4个:千米深井巷道围岩大变形机理;巷道围岩支护―改性―卸压协同控制原理;350 m超长工作面应力与覆岩结构演化机理;超长工作面多信息融合智能开采模式,为千米深井围岩控制及智能开采提供理论基础。针对千米深井巷道围岩高应力、强采动的特点,提出巷道支护―改性―卸压"三位一体"协同控制技术,实现高预应力、高强度、高冲击韧性锚杆主动支护,高压劈裂注浆主动改性及水力压裂主动卸压的"三主动"协同作用,解决千米深井巷道围岩控制难题。针对千米深井超长工作面开采过程中覆岩分区破断、矿压动态迁移的特点,以围岩控制为核心,研发液压支架抗冲击技术,开发超长工作面多信息融合的液压支架自适应群组协同控制技术与装备,并系统集成采煤机等其他工作面设备,最终形成千米深井超长工作面智能开采成套技术体系,为深部煤炭资源安全、高效、高回收率开采提供理论与技术保障。

Deep resource development is an important area for Chinese future scientific and technological research and development. In this paper,the current status of strata control and intelligent mining technology for coal mines with a depth more than 1 000 m is evaluated. With the focuses on the theme of safe and efficient mining activity,taking into consideration of the interaction between entry excavation and coal extraction,some key scientific issues and technique conceptions are proposed aiming to increase the length of longwall face,achieve intensive production,reduce the rate of excavation,and increase coal recovery rate. There are four key scientific issues:1) the large-deformation mechanism of roadways with a depth 1 000 m and above;2) the cooperative control principle of “ bolting-grouting-destressing” for the rock surrounding a roadway;3) the evolution mechanism of stresses and overlying structure of 350 m extra-long longwall face;and 4) multi-information integration intelligent mining mode for extra-long longwall face. These key sci- entific issues will provide a theoretical basis for strata control and intelligent mining in deep coal mines. Based on the characteristics of high in-situ stresses and strong mining induced stresses suffered by coal mine roadways at 1 000 m deep and above,a cooperative control technology called “bolting-grouting-destressing” is proposed to achieve an active support by means of a combination of rock bolts with high prestressed,high strength,and high impact toughness,high- pressure split grouting and modification of broken rock mass,and active destressing using hydraulic fracturing. It is ex- pected that this trinity technology can solve the problem of strata control for coal mine roadways at 1 000 m deep and above. Based on the characteristics of partition breaking of overlying strata and dynamic migration of ground pressures during coal mining process in extra-long longwall face at 1 000 m depth, the anti-impact technology for hydraulic shields is developed. The self-adaptation group cooperative control technology and equipment with multi-information in- tegration anti-impact hydraulic shields,and systematically integrating shearer and other equipments used in longwall face. In this way,a complete technology system of intelligent mining will be formed for extra-long longwall face at 1 000 m depth,aiming to provide theoretical and technical supports for the safe,efficient and high-recovery mining of deep coal resources.

1 千米深井围岩控制及智能开采技术现状

　　1.1 深部围岩控制技术现状

　　1.2 智能开采技术现状

　　1.3 存在的技术难题

2 千米深井围岩控制与智能开采构想

3 千米深井围岩控制及智能开采基础理论

　　3.1 高应力强采动巷道围岩大变形机理

　　3.2 巷道围岩支护—改性—卸压协同控制原理

　　3.3 千米深井超长工作面应力与覆岩结构演化机理

　　3.4 超长工作面多信息融合的智能开采模式

4 千米深井围岩控制及智能开采关键技术

　　4.1 巷道支护―改性―卸压协同控制技术

　　4.2 超长工作面自适应群组协同控制智能开采技术

5 结论与展望