水资源保护性采煤是生态脆弱矿区可持续发展的必然选择，如何深化保水采煤研究，使之更好的付诸工程实践，是西北煤炭开发规划和建设生产亟需解决的问题。以陕北榆神矿区为例，结合浅表层水资源(保水采煤目的层)量分布和煤矿开采对浅表层水资源的影响程度两方面，研究了保水采煤矿井(区)类型。首先，分析了研究区生态-水-煤系地层空间赋存结构特征，提出了以保水采煤为目的的生态地质环境类型，将其划分为潜水沙漠滩地绿洲型、地表水沟谷河流绿洲型、地表径流(黄土)沟壑型和区域性(深埋)地下水富集型;其次，计算确定了浅表层水资源单位面积总储存量分布;然后，基于煤层开采对生态层及浅表层水的影响程度，提出了4种保水采煤环境工程地质模式(环境友好型、环境渐变恢复型、环境渐变恶化型及环境灾变型)，在分析影响其分区的导水断裂带高度、残余隔水层釆动隔水性等关键指标的基础上，建立了不同环境工程地质模式分区阈值和确定方法;最后，基于浅表层水资源量和保水采煤环境工程地质模式分布特征，提出了保水采煤矿井等级类型划分方法，将其划分为:正常开采矿井、保水采煤一级矿井、保水采煤二级矿井和保水采煤三级矿井，总结了各级保水采煤矿井适用的开采方法与水资源保护、利用方法。

Coal mining with water protection is an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of ecologically fragile mining areas. The study and application of coal mining with water protection is an urgent problem to be solved in coal development planning,construction and production in northwest China. Taking Yushen mining area in northern Shaanxi Province as an example,this paper studies the types of water-preserved coal mining coalmines in combination with the quantity distribution of shallow water resources (water-preserved coal mining target seam) and the impact of coal mining on shallow water resources. Firstly,the spatial occurrence structure characteristics of eco-water-coal meas- ures strata in the study area are analyzed. Also,the eco-geological environment types for the purpose of water-preserved coal mining are proposed,which are divided into oasis type with phreatic water and bottomland in desert,oasis type with surface water and valley river,loess gully type with surface runoff,and regional deep groundwater enrichment type. Secondly,the distribution of total storage per unit area of shallow water resources is calculated and determined. Then,based on the influence degree of coal mining on ecological layer and shallow water,four types of environmental engineering geological patterns (basically unaffected model,gradually restored model after destruction,gradually dete- riorated model and disaster model) are proposed. Based on the analysis of the key indicators affecting the division of environmental engineering geological patterns,including the height of the water-flowing fractured zone and the mining water-resisting of residual aquiclude,etc. ,the zoning threshold and determination method for environmental engineer- ing geological patterns is established. Finally,based on the distribution characteristics of shallow water resources and environmental engineering geological patterns,the grade types of water-preserved coal mining coalmines are put for- ward for the first time,which is divided into normal mining mine,water-preserved coal mining first-class mine,water- preserved coal mining second-class mine and water-preserved coal mining third-class mine.