受“缺油、少气、相对富煤”能源资源禀赋特点制约，煤炭一直是我国能源安全的基础保障。煤炭资源是地球演化过程形成的层状沉积矿产，是近地表地壳的组成部分，煤炭开采会对地质条件和生态环境造成损害。煤炭绿色开采地质保障从煤炭资源赋存地质条件出发，为实现煤炭资源安全高效开采、减缓和减小采掘工程对地质条件和生态环境损害，提供地质理论和技术支撑。从绿色开采地质保障的内涵、科学问题、技术问题、研究思路4个方面系统阐释了煤炭绿色开采地质保障理论与技术。煤炭绿色开采地质保障突出深部煤炭资源开采扰动下的地质条件变化，强调煤炭开采活动与地质结构和地表生态环境变化的整体研究，关注地下采掘工程引起时空效应范畴的地质条件变化和生态环境演化之间的耦合机制。总体研究思路是开采前精细勘查、开采过程有效减损、开采后恢复利用。采前实施空天地一体化精细勘查，查明煤系矿产资源空间赋存特征及维系地表生态系统的主要地质因素，构建涵盖煤系资源、地质条件、生态环境等要素的高精度三维模型，评价煤炭资源最佳利用方向和区域环境承载能力;采中进行地质条件损害探测、监测，揭示应力场、形变场、渗流场变化规律，研究煤系气、地下水运移和涌出特点，分析导致围岩动力灾害发生的地质因素，提出煤与瓦斯突出、水害、冲击地压等灾害超前预警理论及防控措施;采后进行采空区水体、有害气体、遗留资源的探测，巷道围岩、煤柱变形特征监测，研究煤-岩-水相互作用及采空区稳定性变化，开展地质条件及地表生态恢复演化过程研究，提出地下空间及遗留资源的综合利用理论与技术。煤炭绿色开采地质保障涵盖找煤、勘探、开采及采空区利用全过程，追求煤系矿产资源和生态环境保护协调发展。

Constrained by the characteristics of energy resource endowment of “lack of oil,less gas and relatively rich coal”,coal is always the basic guarantee of energy security in China. Coal resource is a layered sedimentary mineral formed in the process of earth evolution,and it is a part of the near surface crust. Coal mining will cause damage to geological conditions and ecological environment. The geological guarantee of coal green mining is based on the geolog- ical conditions of coal resources occurrence,which provides the geological theory and technical support for the safe and efficient mining of coal resources,mitigating and reducing the damage to the geological conditions and ecological envi- ronment of the mining areas. This paper systematically explains the geological guarantee theory and technology for green coal mining from four aspects:connotation,scientific issues,technical issues and research ideas. The geological guarantee of green coal mining highlights the change of geological conditions under the disturbance of deep coal min- ing,emphasizes the overall study of coal mining activities,geological structure and the change of surface ecological en- vironment,and focuses on the change of geological con-ditions and the evolution of ecological environment in the cate- gory of space-time effect caused by underground mining operations. The general research idea is to explore finely be- fore mining,reduce damage effectively during mining and restore utilization after mining. Before mining,the fine explo- ration of the integration of space,sky and earth is carried out to find out the spatial occurrence characteristics of coal bearing mineral resources and the main geological factors to maintain the surface ecosystem,and to build a high-preci- sion three-dimensional model covering coal bearing resources,geological conditions,ecological environment and other elements,so as to evaluate the best utilization direction of coal resources and regional environmental carrying capacity. During mining,the damage detection and monitoring of geological conditions are carried out to reveal the variation laws of stress field,deformation field and seepage field,to study the characteristics of coal bearing gas and groundwater mi- gration and gushing,to analyze the geological factors leading to the occurrence of surrounding rock dynamic disasters, and to put forward the advance warning theory and prevention and control measures of coal and gas outburst,water hazard,bumping pressure and other disasters. After mining,the water body,harmful gas and residual resources in the goafs shall be detected,and the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and coal pillar of the roadway shall be monitored. The interaction of coal rock water and the stability change of goafs are studied,the geological conditions and the evolution process of surface ecological restoration are studied,and the comprehensive utilization theory and technology of underground space and residual resources are put forward. The green mining geological guarantee covers the whole process of coal search,exploration,mining and utilization of goafs,and pursues the coordinated development of coal bearing mineral resources and ecological environment protection.

1 煤炭绿色开采地质保障的内涵

1.1 煤炭绿色开采

1.2 煤炭绿色开采的地质保障

2 绿色开采地质保障的科学问题

2.1 采前精细勘查与三维建模

2.2 采中地质条件变化与环境损害

2.3 采后地质条件恢复与生态演化

3 绿色开采地质保障总体研究思路

4 绿色开采地质保障技术

4.1 采前地质保障技术

4.2 采中地质保障技术

4.3 采后地质保障技术

5 结论