为掌握浅埋高强度开采覆岩结构演化规律及不同开采条件下地表损伤规律与损伤机理，采用数值模拟、现场实测、理论分析等手段以神东矿区典型工作面为工程背景开展研究。首先以采空区峰值应力为指标分析了覆岩结构演化规律;其次探究了地表下沉系数和宽深比之间的关系;最后在实测地表裂缝发育特点的基础上开展了工作面中部地表裂缝发育机理研究。结果表明:① 工作面从开切眼至超充分开采状态时上覆岩层大体经历了3个阶段，第Ⅰ阶段:无压力拱阶段;第Ⅱ阶段:单压力拱阶段;第Ⅲ阶段:双压力拱阶段，其又分为Ⅲ1(采空区单拱脚阶段)和Ⅲ2(采空区双拱脚阶段)2个阶段。② 宽深比在0.4~2.0的14个方案研究得出的地表下沉系数和宽深比近似成抛物线关系，选取神东矿区7个工作面的下沉系数实测值和预测值进行对比验证，误差分别为7.6%，14.5%，4.4%，7.5%，9.7%，9.7%，15.3%，其中5个工作面的误差在10%以内，且误差整体较小。③ 工作面中部地表裂缝动态发育具有“双周期+稳定期”的特点，包括5个发育阶段，即裂缝宽度增大阶段、裂缝宽度减小阶段、裂缝宽度稳定阶段、裂缝宽度再增大阶段、裂缝宽度再减小阶段，通过演化模型阐释了工作面中部裂缝的动态发育机理，并建立了裂缝动态发育和地质采矿条件的关系模型。

In order to understand the evolution law of overburden structure,and the law and mechanism of surface damage under different mining conditions in shallow high-intensity mining,the numerical simulation,field measurement,theoretical analysis and other means were used to study the typical working face in Shendong mining area. Firstly,the evolution law of overburden structure was analyzed with the peak stress value of goaf as the index. Secondly,the relationship between the surface subsidence coefficient and the ratio of width to depth was explored. Finally,based on the measured characteristics of surface crack development,the mechanism of surface crack development in the middle of working face was studied. The results show that ① the overburden undergone three stages,the first stage was no pressure arch stage. The second stage was single pressure arch stage. The third stage was double pressure arch stage,which was also divided into two stages,i. e. Ⅲ1 ( single arch foot stage in goaf) and Ⅲ2 ( double arch feet stage in goaf). ② The surface subsidence coefficient and the ratio of width to depth obtained from 14 schemes were approximately parabola with the ratio of width to depth between 0. 4 and 2. 0. The measured and predicted subsidence coefficients of seven working faces in Shendong mining area were selected for comparison and verification,with errors of 7.6% ,14. 5% ,4. 4% ,7. 5% ,9. 7% ,9. 7% and 15. 3% respectively,among which the errors of five working faces were within 10% ,and the overall error was small. ③ The development of surface dynamic cracks in the middle of working face have the characteristics of “ double period+stable period”,including five development stages,namely,crack width increasing stage,crack width decreasing stage,crack width stabilizing stage,crack width reincreasing stage and crack width reducing stage. The dynamic development mechanism of crack in the middle of working face was explained through evolution model,and the relationship model between crack dynamic development and geological mining conditions was established.