保水采煤是绿色开采的重要组成部分，是解决西北干旱半干旱矿区煤炭开采与水资源和生态环境保护问题的有效途径之一。为了规范保水采煤工作思路与方法，指导煤矿企业在高效开采煤炭资源的同时保护含水层结构稳定，制定了陕西省地方标准《保水采煤技术规范》，规定了矿区水资源保护目标层（体）、地质工作要求、导水裂隙带高度确定、保水采煤主要技术以及保水采煤技术论证报告的提纲等。在详细阐述《保水采煤技术规范》研制背景的基础上，对规范的相关要点进行了进一步梳理和解释，这包括：煤层开采使地下水位埋深发生变化时，必须符合最大允许埋深和最小允许埋深要求；煤层开采过程中，矿区及周边河流流量不小于河道最小生态需水量；陕北侏罗纪煤田开采1-2、2-2（榆横矿区为3号煤层）、3-1、4-2、5-2号煤层时，主要目标含水层为第四系萨拉乌苏组含水层、烧变岩含水层和地表水体（湖泊、水库）；黄陇侏罗纪煤田开采3、4号煤层时，主要目标含水层为白垩系洛河组含水层和地表水体（湖泊、水库）；渭北石炭二叠纪煤田开采5、10、11号煤层时，主要目标含水层为包括但不限于奥陶系岩溶含水层。导水裂隙带高度的确定方法主要有探测法、经验公式法、数值模拟和相似模拟等；适于陕西省地质生态环境条件的保水采煤技术包括充填保水采煤技术、分层保水采煤技术、短壁保水采煤技术和注浆保水采煤技术等。为了加快推进矿山生态文明建设步伐，实现绿色开采，应加强保水采煤技术规范的贯彻和落实。

Water-preserving coal mining is an important part of green mining and one of the effective ways to solve the problems of coal mining,water resources and ecological environment protection in arid and semi-arid mining areas in Northwest China.In order to standardize the working ideas and methods of water-preserved coal mining,and to guide coal mining enterprises to protect the structure of aquifers while efficiently exploiting coal resources,the Shaanxi Provincial local standard Technical Specifications for Water-Preserving Coal Mining was formulated,stipulating the target layer of water resources protection in mining areas,geological work requirements,determination of the height of the water-conducting fissure zone,the main technology of water-preserving coal mining,and the outline of the technical verification report of water-preserving coal mining technology.Based on the detailed description of the development background of the Technical Specification for Water-Conserving Coal Mining,the relevant key points of the specification are further sorted out and explained:when coal seam mining changes the depth of the groundwater level,the maximum and minimum allowable depth must be met; in the process of coal seam mining,the flow of the mining area and surrounding rivers shall not be less than the minimum ecological water demand of the river; when mining 1-2,2-2 (No.3 coal seam in Yuheng mining area),3-1,4-2,5-2 coal seams in Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi,the main target aquifers are Quaternary Sarawusu Formation aquifer,burnt rock aquifer and surface water bodies (lakes,reservoirs); When mining No.3 and No.4 coal seams in the Huanglong Jurassic coalfield,the main target aquifers are the Cretaceous Luohe Formation aquifer and surface water bodies (lakes,reservoirs); when coal seams No.5,10,and 11 are mined in the Northern Shaanxi Carboniferous Permian coal field,the main target aquifers include but not limited to Ordovician karst aquifers.The methods for determining the height of the water-conducting fissure zone mainly include detection method,empirical formula method,numerical simulation and similar simulation,etc.; Water-preserving coal mining technologies suitable for geological and ecological environmental conditions in Shaanxi Province include filling water-preserving coal mining technology,layered water-preserving coal mining technology,layered water-preserving coal mining technology and grouting water-preserving coal mining technology,etc.In order to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization in mines and realize green mining,the implementation of water-preserving coal mining technical specifications should be strengthened.