煤层气成藏机理及形成地质条件研究对合理评估煤层气资源和指导煤层气开发具有重要意义。煤层气成藏是煤层气在含煤盆地生成、赋存、运移和保存的动态地质演化过程，每个阶段均受多种地质因素控制。基于近年来国内外相关领域研究成果，从煤层气成藏过程和流体特征角度出发，依次总结煤层气成因机理、煤层气储集及运移机理和煤层气藏形成地质条件。结果表明：丰富的有机碳是煤层气形成的物质基础，生物成因煤层气的形成主要依赖于煤层中微生物群落特征，热成因煤层气的形成依赖于煤变质程度;吸附解吸机理是研究煤层气储集的基础理论，固-液吸附解吸理论可以更好地解释含水煤层气体吸附解吸现象;扩散机理和渗流机理是煤层气运移的微观理论，基于时间变化的扩散模型和非达西渗流模型更适合解释我国低渗储层煤层气的运移过程;煤层气藏形成的地质条件归纳为沉积条件、构造条件和水文地质条件，沉积条件控制煤岩组成、煤层厚度和顶底板特征等影响煤层气的成藏过程，构造条件通过构造活动、煤层埋深、岩浆活动和构造类型等影响煤层气的成藏过程，水文地质条件对煤层气成藏具有双重作用。总之，我国含煤盆地地质构造复杂，煤层气成藏受多种地质因素控制，煤层气藏主控因素分析应结合煤层沉积埋藏史、热演化史、构造演化史和地层水动力特征。

The study of coalbed methane accumulation mechanism and formation geological conditions is of great significance to rationally evaluate coalbed metha ne resources and guide coalbed methane development. CBM accumulation is a dynamic geological evolution process of CBM generation,occurrence,migration and pres ervation in coal-bearing basins,and each stage is controlled by various geological factors. Based on the research achievements in related fields at home and abroad in「 ecent years,from the perspective of coalbed methane accumulation process and fluid characteristics,the CBM formation mechanism,CBM storage and migration mechan ism and the formation geological conditions of CBM reservoir were summarized in sequence. The results show that rich organic carbon is the material basis for the form ation of coalbed methane ,the formation of biogenic coalbed methane mainly depends on the characteristics of microbial communitys in the coalbed,and the formation of thermally derived coalbed methane depends on the degree of coal metamorphism. The mechanism of adsorption and desorption is to study the storage of coalbed meth ane. Based on the basic theories,solid-liquid adsorption/desorption theory can better explain the adsorption and desorption of water-bearing coalbed gas. The diffusion and seepage mechanisms are the microscopic theories of CBM migration. The diffusion model based on time change and non-Darcy seepage model are more suitable t 0 explain the CBM migration in low permeability reservoirs in China. The geological conditions for the CBM reservoir formation can be summarized as depositional cond itions,structural conditions,and hydrogeological conditions. The depositional conditions control coal composition,coal seam thickness,roof and floor characteristics and 0 ther influences to affect the accumulation of CBM reservoir. The influence of structural conditions on the formation of CBM reservoir can be reflected by the tectonic mo vement,the burial depth,magmatic activity,and structural type. The hydrogeological conditions have a dual effect on the formation of CBM reservoir. In short,the geologic al structure of coal-bearing basins in China is complex,and the formation of CBM reservoir is controlled by a variety of geological factors. The analysis of the main contr olling factors of CBM reservoir should be combined with the history of coalbed deposition and burial,thermal evolution,structural evolution,and hydrodynamic characteris