针对深部冲击地压巷道高应力、强冲击造成的强矿压显现难题,分析了深部冲击地压巷道围岩变形破坏特征,确定了导致深部冲击地压巷道强冲击显现的防控难点,揭示了巷道冲击破坏机制。在分析深部冲击地压巷道破坏机制的基础上,建立了深部冲击地压巷道围岩力学模型,分析了动、静叠加载荷、支护应力、围岩力学属性与莫尔圆间的相互作用关系,提出了深部冲击地压巷道“卸压-支护-防护”协同防控原理。通过对巷道围岩远、近场进行卸压,从动、静载荷角度降低巷道冲击能量和所受应力;利用高预应力、高强度、高延伸率及高冲击韧性“ 四高” 锚杆( 索) 主动支护,结合围岩结构重塑技术,提高巷道围岩自承载和抗冲击能力;结合钢棚、缓冲垫层及防护支架,通过高阻尼作用快速抑制巷道围岩的冲击震动。通过协调“卸压-支护-防护”3 种技术手段的时空关系,改变冲击地压巷道能量释放、传播及耗散形式。基于“卸压-支护-防护”协同防控原理,提出了深部冲击地压巷道“卸压-支护-防护”协同防控技术,开发了长、短孔分段水力压裂工艺,研发了配套的压裂机具和设备;研制了高冲击韧性锚杆(索) 系列支护材料,大幅度提高了支护材料的强度和韧性;提出了以钢棚、缓冲垫层及防护支架为一体的巷道复合防护结构,复合防护结构能有效吸收巷道围岩内的冲击动能,抑制围岩震动。研究成果在蒙陕和义马典型冲击地压矿井开展了工业性试验,“卸压-支护-防护”协同防控技术改变了厚层坚硬岩层冲击能量释放形式,有效抵御了高动、静叠加载荷,减小了巷道围岩整体冲击变形,控制了深部冲击地压巷道围岩稳定。

In terms of the problem of strong ground pressure behavior caused by high stress and strong impact in deeprock burst roadway,the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock of deep rock burst roadway were analyzed,the prevention and control difficulties of strong impact behavior of deep rock burst roadway were determined,and the mechanism of roadway impact failure was revealed. Based on the analysis of the failure mechanism of deeprock burst roadway,the mechanical model of surrounding rock of deep rock burst roadway was established. The interactionbetween dynamic and static superimposed load,support stress,mechanical properties of surrounding rock and Mohrcircle was analyzed. The collaborative prevention and control principle of “pressure relief-support-protection” was proposed. Through the pressure relief of roadway surrounding rock in the far and near field,the impact energy and stress of roadway are reduced from the angle of driven and static load. The self-bearing and anti-impact capacity of roadway surrounding rock is improved by using high impact toughness bolt (cable) support combined with surrounding rock structure remodeling technology. Combined with o-shed,cushion and hydraulic support,the impact vibration of roadway surrounding rock is quickly suppressed by high damping. By coordinating the space-time relationship of the three technical measures of “pressure relief-support-protection”,the energy release,transmission and dissipation forms of rock burst roadway are changed. Based on the collaborative prevention and control principle of “pressure relief-support-protection”,the collaborative control technology of “pressure relief-support-protection” for deep rock burst roadway was proposed. The technology of long and short hole segmented hydraulic fracturing was developed,and the supporting equipment were developed. The high impact toughness bolt (cable) series supporting materials were developed,which greatly improved the strength and toughness of the support materials. The composite protective structure of roadway with steel shed,cushion and hydraulic support as a whole was proposed. The composite protection structure can effectively absorb the impact in the surrounding rock of roadway. It can restrain the vibration of surrounding rock.The research results have been applied in the industrial tests at typical rock burst mines in Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi and Yima. The “pressure relief-support-protection” collaborative prevention and control technology had changed the release form of impact energy in thick and hard rock strata,effectively resisted high dynamic and static loads,reduced the overall impact deformation of roadway surrounding rock,and controlled the surrounding rock stability of deep rockburst roadway.