黄河流域分布着我国9个大型煤炭基地，原煤产量占全国的70%，而且还在快速增长，这一地区地质环境脆弱，尤其是黄河中游区，高强度、大规模煤炭开采的地质环境效应显著，做好地质环境监测，是保障黄河流域煤炭基地可持续发展的基础。在研究黄河中游采煤对地质环境影响分析的基础上，概括了黄河中游煤炭基地地质环境特征，包括煤层赋存的地质环境特、地下水环境特征、地表水环境和生态环境特征4个方面，总结了黄河中游采煤对地质环境的扰动及体现指标，包括地下水位持续下降、泉水断流和干涸、河流流量锐减、水库干涸、黄土沟壑和沙漠区地表损害严重等5个方面。甄别了黄河流域大型煤炭基地地质环境中的敏感要素，包括水文水资源、生态环境、地质灾害、岩层变形监测和其他要素监测，对煤炭开采地质环境扰动强度进行分级，划分出煤炭开采强烈扰动区、一般扰动区和无扰动区，针对不同的煤炭开采扰动程度，对应划分出精准监测、核心监测和一般监测3个监测级别，同时分别制定了不同的监测方法，提出了地质环境监测网的建设思路，设计了监测系统平台，为矿山地质环境监测网建设提供了基础。目前已经建成了地下水监测系统、地质灾害监测系统，部分煤矿建成了地表水、地面形态监测系统，生态环境监测系统正在建设中。

There are nine large-scale coal bases in the Yellow River Basin in China.The raw coal output in the Yellow River Basin accounts for 70% of total coal output in China,and it is still growing rapidly.The geological environment of the Yellow River Basin is fragile,especially in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The geological environment effect of large-scale coal mining is significant.Good geological environment monitoring is the basis for ensuring the sustainable development of the coal bases in the Yellow River Basin.Based on the analysis of the impact of coal mining on the geological environment in the study area,this paper summarizes the geological environment characteristics of the coal base in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,including the geological environment characteristics of coal seam occurrence,groundwater environment characteristics,surface water environment and ecological environment characteristics,and summarizes the geological environment disturbance caused by coal mining in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its indicators,including the continuous decline of groundwater level,spring water cut-off and drying up,sharp decrease of river flow,reservoir drying up,and serious surface damage in loess gully and desert area.The sensitive elements in the geological environment of large-scale coal bases in the Yellow River Basin are screened,including hydrological and water resources,ecological environment,geological disasters,rock deformation monitoring and other elements monitoring.The disturbance intensity of coal mining geological environment is classified,and the strong disturbance area,general disturbance area and non-disturbance area are divided.According to different disturbance degree of coal mining,the corresponding division is made at the same time,different monitoring methods are developed,the construction ideas of geological environment monitoring network are proposed,and the monitoring system platform is designed,which provide the foundation for the construction of mine geological environment monitoring network.At present,the groundwater monitoring system and geological hazard monitoring system have been built,the surface water and surface morphology monitoring system has been built in some coal mines,and the ecological environment monitoring system is under construction.

1 地质环境监测指标的选择

   1.1 黄河中游煤炭基地地质环境特征

   1.2 黄河中游采煤对地质环境的扰动及体现指标

   1.3 黄河中游地质环境监测指标体系

2 监测区域分级分区

   2.1 开采扰动强度分级

   2.2 监测精度分区

3 监测网建设与实施

   3.1 建设目标

   3.2 技术路线

   3.3 总体思路及系统设计

4 结论