煤炭是我国能源安全的压舱石，在保障煤炭资源开发安全的前提下，最大程度地实现对水资源的保护，是黄河流域煤炭工业高质量发展面临的重大科学难题。以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤田为背景，对不同水文地质和采矿条件下覆岩结构类型、导水裂缝带发育规律、地表裂缝分布特征、采动隔水层稳定性以及疏控水方案等方面进行了系统研究。针对厚基岩浅层地下水保护，监测分析了导水裂缝带与地表裂缝发育特征及其连通性，研究了保证隔水层稳定性的保水开采技术；针对浅埋薄基岩厚土层条件下的地表水体保护，探讨了黏土隔水层对导水裂缝带的抑制作用和采动影响下的阻水特性，研究了基于采动黏土阻水效应的保水开采技术；针对深部多重高压含水层，提出了“先疏后采与边采边疏相结合”的疏控水技术，实现了安全开采前提下的最大程度的对水资源的保护。

Coal is the ballast of energy security in China. Under the premise of ensuring the safety of coal resources development,the protection of water resources to the greatest extent is a major scientific problem facing the high quality development of coal industry in the Yellow River Basin. Taking the Jurassic coalfield in Ordos Basin as the background,the structural types of overburden,the development law of water-conducting fracture zone,the distribution characteristics of the surface fractures,the stability of the mining water-proof layer and the water-control scheme under different hydrogeological and mining conditions were carried out. For the protection of shallow groundwater in thick bedrock,monitoring and analyzing the development characteristics and connectivity between water-conducting fracture zone and surface fracture,this paper put forward the water-maintaining mining technology to ensure the stability of water-isolating layer; aiming at the surface water body protection under the condition of shallow-buried thin bedrock and thick soil layer,the restraining effect of the clay water-isolating layer on water-conducting fracture zone and water-resistance effect under the influence of mining were discussed,and the water-retaining mining technology based on the water blocking effect of the mining clay was studied; for the deep multi-high-pressure aquifer,the water-retaining technology of "first dredging then mining and the combination of dredging while mining" was put forward,realizing the maximum protection of water resources under the premise of safe mining.