随着煤矿进入深部开采冲击地压显现愈发严重，我国现已成为受冲击地压灾害最为严重的国家。根据深部开采的特点划分冲击地压类型，制定高效合理的冲击地压防控方案，指导现场防冲工作成为亟待解决的问题。以深部开采煤岩体所处的应力状态为基础，提出了深部典型冲击地压和非典型冲击地压的划分方法，并对深部开采冲击地压的影响因素进行深入分析。基于理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等方法，确定了深部开采较浅部开采具有明显差异，即：深部开采原岩应力水平更高，煤岩体所受三向应力差异更大；采动超前应力集中程度与超前应力影响范围均明显增大；煤岩体更易受到外部扰动发生失稳破坏。结合地质因素和开采因素综合分析，明确了深部典型冲击地压发生的必要条件是高原岩应力与强烈的采动应力，深部非典型冲击地压发生的必要条件是较高的原岩应力、强烈的采动应力与外部应力扰动。基于应力控制理论，建立了深部开采冲击地压防控技术体系。提出了“煤体大范围卸压、顶底板适当处理、强力支架支护”的深部典型冲击地压防控策略和“煤体局部卸压、顶板大范围处理、加强支护”的深部非典型冲击地压防控策略。针对2类矿井分别开展了现场工程实践，实现了冲击地压的高效防控，为深部冲击地压防控提供了借鉴。

With the deep mining of coal mine,the rock burst appears more and more serious,China has become the country with the most serious rock burst disaster.According to the characteristics of deep coal mine,it is necessary to divide the type of rock burst and formulate an efficient and reasonable rockburst prevention and control scheme to guide the on-site anti-impact work.Based on the stress  states of coal and rock masses in deep coal mine,a method for dividing rockburst type in deep mining is proposed,which is dividing rockburst to typical and atypical,and the influencing factors of rockburst in deep coal mine are analyzed.Application of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,field measurement and other methods,the significant differences between deep mining and shallow mining were confirmed.It shows that deeper mining has a higher in-situ stress level,and the three-dimensional stress difference of the coal and rock masses is greater,the degree of mining advanced stress concentration and the effect range of advance stress are significantly increased,coal and rock masses are more susceptible to instability due to external disturbances.It is determined that the necessary conditions for the occurrence of typical rockburst in the deep coal mine are extremely high in-situ stress and strong excavation disturbance,and the necessary conditions for the occurrence of atypical rockburst in the deep coal mine are high in-situ stress,strong excavation disturbance and external disturbance.Based on the stress control theory,a technical system for preventing and controlling rockburst in deep mining was established.The deep typical rockburst prevention and control strategy of “large coal body pressure relief,proper roof and floor treatment,and strong support support” and the deep atypical rock burst prevention and control strategy of “coal body partial pressure relief,Field engineering practice was carried out for the two kinds of mines respectively,which realized the effective prevention and control of rock burst,and provided a reference for the prevention and control of deep rock burst.

1 煤矿深部冲击地压类型划分

   1.1 深部开采煤岩体应力状态分析

   1.2 深部典型冲击地压矿井

   1.3 深部非典型冲击地压矿井

2 深部开采冲击地压主控因素分析

   2.1 深部开采原岩应力特征

   2.2 深部开采采动应力特征

   2.3 深部开采外部扰动应力特征

3 深部开采冲击地压防控技术与实践

   3.1 基于应力控制理论的深部开采冲击地压防控策略

   3.2 深部开采冲击地压应力控制技术

   3.3 深部开采冲击地压防控实践

4 结论