Deep Mining and Rockburst Prevention Institute, Chinese Institue of Coal Science
China Coal Energy Group Co., Ltd.
Shandong Energy Group
Mine Safety Technology Branch, China Coal Research Institute
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University
Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Institute of Natural Hazards, The Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC
Xinjie Energy, CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co., Ltd.
Institute of Computational Mechanics, LiaoningTechnical University
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology
College of Min-ing, Liaoning Technical University

我国煤矿安全状况虽持续好转,但煤矿冲击地压灾害的影响却愈发严重,仅近 5 a 就发生了 8 起冲击地压事故,累计死亡 48 人。我国煤矿冲击地压防治多为“头痛医头、脚疼医脚”,冲击地压发生源头、孕灾机理不清。同时,以山东巨野、兖州等煤田为代表的东部充分采动矿井,具有开采深度大、采动影响因素复杂等特征;以内蒙古鄂尔多斯和陕西彬长矿区为代表的西部非充分采动矿井,则具有高强度开采、厚硬岩层等特征,均给冲击地压防治带来了新的挑战。因此,煤矿冲击地压源头防治已成为当前亟待解决的重大工程科学问题。针对这一难题,从冲击地压基础理论与模拟技术、监测及危险区判识技术、区域与局部防控技术装备等 3 方面系统的分析了当前冲击地压研究取得的成果与不足,结合前期研究基础与现场实践,提出了煤矿冲击地压源头防治思想。进而将其梳理为煤矿冲击地压源头属性与特性、煤矿冲击地压全过程孕灾与源头防治原理等 2 个科学问题,冲击地压全过程精细模拟技术、矿井全生命周期煤岩体应力与全尺度覆岩结构监测技术、冲击危险精准甄别与智能识别技术、煤矿冲击地压井上下协同防控技术等 4 个技术问题。根据生产矿井和新建矿井的特点,分别制定了相应的防治思路与技术框架。研究成果为我国煤矿冲击地压防治提供了一种新的思路,为煤矿“零冲击”目标提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Although the safety in the production of the mines in China has improved, coal bursts pose a serious threat tocoal mines, especially deep mining. There have been eight coal bursts accidents with forty-eight deaths in the past fiveyears. These accidents stem from the stopgap measures in terms of prevention and control and the unawareness of the occurrence mechanism of coal bursts. Furthermore, the sufficiently-mined mines in the east of China, such as the Juye andYanzhou coal mines in Shandong province, are characterized by deep mining and strong disturbance. Whereas the insufficiently-mined mines in the west, such as the Ordos coal mine in Inner Mongolia province and Binchang coal mine inShaanxi province, are characterized by high-intensity mining and hard rock strata. These complex mining environmentscreate new challenges for preventing and controlling coal bursts. Therefore, the mechanism, prevention, and control ofcoal bursts have become a major engineering and scientific problem to be addressed urgently. The source-preventingmethod is the key issue in handling it. This paper reviewed the documents regarding the basic theory and numerical technology of coal bursts, monitoring and identification technology of dangerous zones, regional and local prevention and control technology, and equipment. Then, a new perspective of source prevention and control was proposed. Given this perspective, two scientific questions were detailed, including the source properties and prevention and control principles ofcoal burst during the process. Furthermore, four technical questions were also discussed, containing the fine simulationtechnology for the whole process of coal burst, the monitoring technology of coal rock stress and full-scale overburdenstructure in the entire life cycle of the mine, the accurate and intelligent identification technology of the danger zone withthe proneness of coal burst, the collaborative prevention, and control technology of coal burst in the coal mine. Finally, thecorresponding prevention and control methods and technical frameworks were formulated according to the characteristicsof production and new mines. The findings will create a new way to prevent and control coal bursts. It also provides theoretical bases and technical support for the “zero bursts” goal for coal mines.

中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2020-2-ZD001);中煤集团重大科技专项资助项目(20211BY001);煤科院科技发展基金资助项目(2021CX-II-12)

齐庆新,马世志,孙希奎,等. 煤矿冲击地压源头防治理论与技术架构[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(5):1861−1874.

QI Qingxin,MA Shizhi,SUN Xikui,et al. Theory and technical framework of coal mine rock burst origin pre-vention[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(5):1861−1874.